Australi The Smallest Continent Between The Indian And...

Australia is the smallest continent between the Indian and Pacific Ocean and is a nation of many contrasts. For instance, mainland Australia is not only the largest island but it also is the smallest and flattest continent on the planet. Australia’s capital is Canberra. Despite the fact that Canberra is the capital, other cities like Sydney, which is the largest city in the country, have more influence both locally and internationally. â€Å"Australia was once a British colony and after its discovery in 1788 people from Great Britain settled there. In the past decades, people from all over the world have come to Australia. Today it is a multicultural society and the continent is also one of the richest countries in the world. It produces wool and meat on one side, as well as gold, bauxite and other minerals on the other (English Online).† In 1688, the privateer William Dampier became the first Englishman to reach Australia, but in 1770 a British sailor, Captain James Co ok, found the fertile east coast of Australia. He called it New South Wales, and claimed it for Britain. New Zealand is a beautiful island a part of Oceania; it is located in the southwest Pacific Ocean. The island is also known as â€Å"The land of the long white cloud† or â€Å"Aotearoa†. â€Å"Europeans first laid eyes on New Zealand on 13 December 1642, when the great Dutch explorer Abel Tasman caught sight of the west coast of the South Island. The next Europeans to visit Aotearoa – New Zealand came under the stewardship

Social Responsibility and Hp Essay - 1291 Words

Running Head: Is it possible for a business to make environmentally-responsible decisions that will provide positive spin-offs to society, but still maintain (or increase) its profits? Bilal Mohamed Moujood 7717930 GMGT 1010 Short Paper 1 Sustainable development has become a recurrent term in the modern day business community. In order to achieve a socially conscious economy, businesses have to strike a key balance between the needs of the present and the viable use of natural resources and ecosystems for future generations. â€Å"Living Progress† is the term coined by the Fortune 50 company, Hewlett Packard to report its Corporate Social Responsibility program. The Living Progress program is designed to provide a†¦show more content†¦Human rights is a compelling issue for HP, by working closely with the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human rights, HP has created policies of its own designed to curb worker exploitation and support the rights of all concerned stakeholders. Beyond its own operations, HP has contributed to a multitude of initiatives that support the common goal of human rights and has taken a leading role in participating with them. Another branch of the human progress model is HP’s Supply Chain Responsibility. HP is highly indebted to the Information Technology (IT) supply chain and hence is involved in programs that enhance the lives and protects the rights of its workers that deliver its products and services. A remarkable achievement in its Supply Chain Responsibility program was the reduced supply chain greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions intensity by 18% from 2010 levels.3 The Supply Chain Responsibility program is an ever evolving system and HP is determined to mitigate risks by monitoring programs, worker engagement and other external sources. For example, HP’s engagement in Southeast Asia enabled them to understand the evolving risk of forced labor in foreign migrant worker populations and take action as early as 2008.4 HP is aiming to secure high worker productivity and employee retention through The Supply Chain Responsibility initiative. 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In the past two years the company has made significant profits and has found a niche in the industry with a loyal customer base. 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Project-Based Organizing and Strategic Management

Question: Describe about the Project-Based Organizing and Strategic Management? Answer: In the overall study the thing which strike me and I found to be of utmost importance was the topic project cost management which covers all the activities needed to complete a project. There are various small functions which are under the umbrella of project cost management. The major concern of project cost management is with the cost of the resources and is of vital importance if the project needs to complete on time. The PCM also takes into consideration the impact of project decision on the cost of utilization the project product. Hence, the PCM has set a bigger view which can be said to be the life-cycle costing (Cattani et. al, 2011). It can be used in many areas which enable proper predicting as well as performance. Project cost management begins after a project is chosen by consideration of the pros and cons. In this scenario it needs to be noted that a project can get a big success only when this method is utilized in an effective manner (Stellman Greene, 2005). Here the r ole of a project manager also comes to the forefront. Role of Project Manager A project manager is entrusted with the role of managing costs and he does so by taking a strategic approach (Lewis, 2006). All the items which influence costs are taken into consideration. The relevant as well as important cost information is studied and the pre determined results are studied. From the study a clear concept has been provided on the role of a project and this I think will go a long way and provide needful help in the long run. When it comes to the role of a project manager it can be said that he is all in all and play diversified role in the entire PCM. This will even help in future and during my course of activity. The role and skills of the project manager can be a big asset to the entire organization because the role is not limited to any particular skill (Lock, 2007). The project manager deals with the cost benefit analysis and estimates the techniques which should be used in the cost. Project budgeting, project monitoring, cost analysis are some of the useful sk ills which is possessed by the project manager and helps in meeting the targets (David Roland, 2006). The project manager also looks after the cost estimation as well as budgetary control which help in the easy formulation of plans as well as policies. Hence, this study has vastly enriched my knowledge on project control management and the role of a project manager which is essential to be present before joining any organization. Technique of PCM Project cost management can be said to be a method or a technique which measures cost as well as productivity through the complete life cycle of enterprise level projects. PCM goes beyond many individual function of project management which includes estimation, job control, and data collection from the field, scheduling, accounting and design (Martin, 2002). Starting from the concept of estimating which is one of the potent tools in PCM, real historical data is being used to project all the plans with accuracy (Dinsmore, 2005). As the project progress, job control utilizes data with the information which reported from the field so that cost and production can be measured with ease and flexibility. As a matter of fact project cost management is concerned with the utilization of the resources which are needed to complete the project activities. Process of PCM Project cost management contains the processes that are needed to complete the project with the concerned budget. The following important processes which were discussed and deemed to be of major importance in the study are: Resource planning here the resources are determined such as people, equipment, materials and what quantities should be used so that the project activities can be performed. This step enables proper and sound management of the resources so that optimum utilization can be seen without any error. Cost estimating an approximation is estimated of the costs as well as the resources which are needed to complete the activities of the project. This step teaches how the fact that how important is the cost estimation process in the light of changing scenario and can be said to be a vital factor in the cost management. Cost estimation gives a proper knowledge that where the work is heading and can be used to know the difference too with the help of estimation. Cost Budgeting the overall cost estimate is allocated to single work items. Cost budgeting enables proper allocation of the cost estimate to each individual item which provides clarity and then the work can be done in a proper manner. Cost control changes are controlled to the project budget. In the light of changing circumstances there appears to be situation when changes happen and the project may go for a set-back but with the help of cost control the costs can be minimized and control to a cast extent which can remove the difficulties (Phillips, 2003). It can help in big time as the cost always fluctuate and if there is proper control on the entire budget with the help of project manager then it can lead to positive result for the entire organization. Hence, it can be said from the study that a project manager is completely responsible for the success or the failure of the project which is undertaken. The first and foremost responsibility is to define the project and then prepare the plan. If the scope is not definite or clear then the project will be said to be guided on a very poor line of action on the contrary if the project performs exceedingly well then the credit goes to the project manager. Project cost management is in itself a vast topic and from this topic it is clear that the project cost management sets the stage for other themes such as cost management, determination of budget, cost estimation as well as controlling of costs. An entire big team is available under the project manager so that proper aid is available to attain the aims of the organization. References Cattani, G., Ferriani, S., Frederiksen, L. and Florian, T. (2011) Project-Based Organizing and Strategic Management, Advances in Strategic Management, Emerald,ISBN 1780521936. David I. Cleland, Roland Gareis (2006).Global Project Management Handbook. The evolution of project management. McGraw-Hill Dinsmore, Paul C (2005)The right projects done right!.ISBN 0-7879-7113-8. Phillips Joseph (2003).PMP Project Management Professional Study Guide. McGraw-Hill Lewis R. Ireland (2006)Project Management. McGraw-Hill Professional, ISBN 0-07-147160-X. p.110. Lock Dennis (2007)Project Management. Gower Publishing, Ltd.,ISBN 0-566-08772-3 Martin Stevens (2002).Project Management Pathways. Association for Project Management. APM Publishing Limited, Stellman, Andrew; Greene, Jennifer (2005).Applied Software Project Management. O'Reilly Media

Parable of the Sower

The parable of the Sower is a very interesting book which has drawn a lot of attention from different people including readers and writers/authors. It is considered to possess some unique characteristics in many aspects especially structure and presentation of information and ideas. Although it is fictitious, the story is presented in a manner that leaves everyone to take or believe it as if it is a true story.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Parable of the Sower specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author, Octavia Butler, brings about the issue of corrupt government depicted by injustice and unfair deals. The parable of the Sower revolves around a young lady by the name, Olamina Lauren. Literature is an interesting field that brings out ideas, to the readers, through various tools. We find that authors not only write their own works but also gain some interests in other people’s work where they provide cr itics of different perspective. This piece of work looks at the parable of the Sower by Octavia Butler with much emphases being given to secondary literatures that are deemed important in helping us understand the book in a better manner for instance in regard to its background information and what has been said about it. The context in which the book is written will also be discussed to enhance understanding of all the happenings Octavia butler is renowned for her writing. She has accomplished much and written many other novels for instance the Kindred, wild seed as well as the Dawn. Some of her notable achievement is the winning of different awards for instance the Hugo award, the Nebula Award and the prestigious MacArthur Award. The writer died in the year 2006 at the age of 58 years and is fondly remembered to present times. This is because of her realistic nature especially in presentation of social criticism. She is taken as a female representative in this unique genre of fict ion (Butler 112). The context in which the parable of the Sower is written and analyzed is very crucial for the purpose of this assignment. The story of the parable of the Sower is presented in a time at a time when America has undergone civilization. Civilization has been associated with various positive things as well as negative aspects with the negative ones being easily identified through the pains and sufferings that people, especially the poor, undergo. Some of the negative effects of civilization that are clearly seen among the community include poverty which has in turn caused issues like increased rate in indulgence in various criminal activities such as drug trafficking and substance abuse, murder, rape cases, discrimination, violence among others. It has also led to scarcity of food and other basic necessities making people to suffer so much. Inflation is also an aspect that is associated with American civilization and it has left many people to suffer.Advertising L ooking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Octavia portrays Lauren as a poor woman who is capable of perceiving and experiencing pleasures, pain and suffering of other people. She lives in pain after her family members are murdered and their home destroyed living her with nothing to look upon. She however has power to carry on and travels far and wide in search of a place where Earthseed, her religion would grow and prosper. The context in which the book is written is of essence as it helps in connecting the ideas presented by the author as well as the opinions and critics provided by other authors in regard to the book. The author gives us a detailed story of Lauren where she traces her journey all through America to Canada together with the friends she makes along her way especially those with whom they share similar problems and interests for instance insecurity and poverty and hence are in search of safety and jobs. There are various authors who have written about aspects presented in the parable of the Sower and it is through looking at their opinions and critics that we will be able to come up with our own inferences and conclusions. According to Dragonsworn (par 3), Octavia butler depicts both positive as well as negative attributes of writing. On the positive side, Dragonsworn argues that Octavia has been involved in realistic character development, an aspect that has made the readers to be glued to it due to its realistic nature. The fast moving action in the book is also a positive attribute that has led to its popularity. â€Å"The good: an amazingly complex post-apocalyptic world, realistic character development, as well as plenty of fast moving action† (Dragonsworn par 1). On the negative side, Dragonsworn criticized the climax to be unexpected and that the religious messages lack diversity in presentation making them to be monotonous. â€Å"The bad: the re ligious messages of ‘Earthseed’ get a little monotonous. The end isn’t as climactic as one would have liked† (Dragonsworn par 2). Opinions of a Wolf (Para 4) asserts that religion is a key aspect in the parable of the Sower. It is portrayed through Lauren as she comes up with her own religion by the name, Earthseed where she gathers a number of survivors of her community which was completely destroyed thus calling for various strategies to be taken for the people to move on and fight for their lives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Parable of the Sower specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to opinions of a wolf, the beliefs of Lauren as depicted in the Earthseed are presented in a manner that is interesting to read. The drawback of the Earthseed is that there seems to be lacking convincing aspects. â€Å"The sections where Lauren discusses her Earthseed beliefs are pleasant to rea d, but there’s nothing earth-shattering about them† (Opinions of a Wolf Para 5). This argument is based on the fact that the beliefs contained therein are a mixture of other beliefs for instance deism and Buddhism. The parable of the Sower has been brought out as a very unique and strong genre that combines both science related aspects as well as fiction. These aspects are strategically intertwined around the human conditions making the book to sound so very real. Contrary to what many readers could think, the parable of the Sower is not a black literature. It does not deal with racism as a main theme as many literatures do but upon the conclusion, the author, Octavia Butler, brings out an amazing fiction where some of the presented characters are revealed to be black. Although the book has been classified by a majority of people to be very interesting and pleasant to read due to its strong action and strategic character development, it is also associated with a problem of not making great impacts into the lives of people who read it. It however leaves a person in a dilemma of whether to believe the story or not. Many people who have read it admit that given another chance, they would still read the parable of the Sower and enjoy it. â€Å"Parable of the Sower contains a world that feels lived in, realistic, complex, and living. I didn’t realize what I was missing in disaster fiction until I saw how much richer the world could be† (Anonymous Para 7). It is evident that the parable of the Sower has drawn so much attention, with some authors providing positive critics while others criticize it negatively. All in all, the author, Octavia Butler, has tried to bring out the different ideas clearly by combining scientific concepts and fiction an aspect that has not been easy for many authors due to the contrast involved between science and humanities.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The author is therefore deemed to be very creative in all her writings, not only the parable of the Sower. This has led to increased readership of her works and has also attracted a lot of critics from different grounds. Despite all what is said in regard to either the author of the parable of the Sower or the literature itself, it is clear that Octavia did some good work which is still adored by many. The author for instance gives us a very detailed background of Lauren, her family and neighbors such that as we go through the story, we have a good flow of ideas. This element keeps a reader glued to the story as he or she is able to closely identify with the characters and share their feelings. Works Cited Anonymous. â€Å"Parable of the Sower by Octavia E. Butler.† Eyrie, 2006. July 16 2011. https://www.eyrie.org/~eagle/reviews/books/0-446-60197-7.html Butler, Octavia. Parable of the Sower. New York: Warner Books, 2000. Dragonsworn. â€Å"Parable of the Sower.† Earths eed, vol 1 2004. Web. Opinions of a Wolf. â€Å"Book Review: Parable of the Sower by Octavia  E.  Butler.† WordPress, 2010. July 16 2011. https://opinionsofawolf.com/2010/08/02/book-review-parable-of-the-sower-by-octavia-e-butler/ This essay on Parable of the Sower was written and submitted by user Paulina Herman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

American Scholar By Ralph Waldo Emerson Essays - Transcendentalism

American Scholar By Ralph Waldo Emerson The American Scholar by Ralph Waldo Emerson In the essay the American Scholar, Emerson portrays the scholar as a person who learns from three main things. These things by which a scholar is educated are by nature, by books (the past) and by action. Emerson uses nature as a comparison to the human mind where he states, There is never a beginning, there is never an end to the inexplicable continuity of this web of God, but always circular power returning into itself.(296) The human mind is an object that is boundless and can be full of so much beauty and intellect such as nature can be. Emerson continues to explain how classification begins among the young minds. To the young mind, every thing is individual, stands by itself. Emerson presents this idea as a negative effect on the scholar because they seem to continue to break things down trying to find simple answers to complex questions. Man is then convinced that he and it (nature) proceed from one root; one is leaf and one is flower.(296) This thinking of man is the opposite from the truth of the relationship between nature and himself. He shall see that nature is the opposite of the soul. Its laws are the laws of his own mind.(296) According to Emerson, the next influence on the scholar is the mind of the past, where he uses books to convey his ideas. Books are the best things, well used; abused, among the worst.(297) Books were originally intended for good. The scholar of the first age, received into him the world around; brooded thereon; gave it the new arrangement of his own mind, and uttered it again.(297) According to Emerson, books can have a negative effect on the way the scholar should think. Instead of Man Thinking, we have the bookworm.(297) Emerson feels that the scholar should learn things for themselves and not easily accept the views and opinions presented by a writer in their books. He further on continues to state how books They look backward and not forward. But genius always looks forward. The eyes of man are set in his forehead, not in his hind head.(298) Emerson thus believes that all men have the capacity of being a genius. Man hopes. Genius creates.(298) But, Emerson does not encourage peo ple to be genius because the Genius is always the sufficiently enemy of the genius by over-influence.(298) Emerson believes that books are for the scholars idle times(298) and the only subjects that he should learn from reading are history and exact science. The action of the scholar is important to Emerson. Action is with the scholar subordinate, but it is essential. Without it, he is not yet man inaction is cowardice, but there can be no scholar without the heroic mind.(299) Emerson wants the scholar to learn but question everything. The true scholar grudges every opportunity of action past by, as a loss of power.(300) Emerson also places a value on action. The final value of actionis, that it is a resource.(301) Through action man has transformed himself into Man Thinking. The mind now thinks; now acts; and each fit reproduces the otherhe has always the resource to live.(301) English Essays

Referenda Election and Outcome Essay examples

Referenda Election and Outcome Essay examples Referenda: Election and Outcome Essay examples To what extent are referenda harmful to UK representative democracy? A referendum is a popular vote in which the electorate decides an issue by answering â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† to a question. In the UK, the question is set by the government; they can make it a mandatory referendum, where they use the outcome of the referendum is usually binding, as it has been held under certain circumstances or an advisory referendum, where the government can look at the outcome, then choose whether to act with the majority, or against it. There are also pre-legislative referendums, which are held before legislation is enacted by parliament, and there are post-legislative referendums, which are held after legislation is enacted by Parliament. They are devices of direct democracy, but they do not always live up to their democratic pretensions. Referendums are seen to be a way of preventing governments from making unpopular decisions; by listening to the majority vote, it can show Parliament how they should be making their decisions and stopping governments from losing voters at the next general election. For example, the 1998 peace settlement in Northern Ireland, there was a turnout of 81%, which means that this was a very popular question set forward, with a vast mass of the public having an opinion on it; with the yes vote receiving 71.7% and the no vote receiving 28.9%. If the government had decided not to make a peace settlement with Ireland, then a small amount of people would have been satisfied with the outcome. However, they also represent the tyranny of the majority. This means that those minorities who do not feel the same way, may suffer as a result of the verdict. In the 1973 referendum to decide where Northern Ireland should remain a part of the UK, the no vote received 1.1% of the electorate. This meant that those who felt that Northern Ireland should separate from the UK ended up not receiving the outcome they desired. The UK population may be more likely to respect and conform to decisions that they have made or at least had a say in themselves. In general elections in the current representative democracy system in place in the UK, given the nature of our democracy, the public have to choose a policy, instead of making their own. This means that politicians can just make rancid decisions and expect the public to just comply. However, some issues are too complex for the public to understand, so instead of making a sound and justified decision about their beliefs, many voters just pick a choice at random, which means that there isn’t a fully valid outcome. For example, in California in 1996, there was a referendum to decide whether the state should legalise marijuana or leave it illegal. As many people just approved of the idea of legal drugs, the outcome was sound, and the state legalised marijuana. This means that whatever the outcome turns out to be, the government is undermined and it bec omes harder for the government to rule the country. Referendums allow the public to be more involved in politics, not just around the time of general elections. In general elections, voters vote on a package of issues, whereas in referendums they get to make their own choice whenever they need to. This means that people would be more educated and interested in politics, as they would be more well-informed about how the government is running the country, and not just necessarily hear about the major decisions, but also some of the minor ones as well. Conversely, people may use referendums as a verdict of the general

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Criminal Justice - Essay Example In the correction, responsibilities of prison are the safekeeping of inmates, maintenance and improving welfare of inmates. Safekeeping requires that inmates are controlled; securely locked away, while giving them some moments for recreation, counseling, and education. Despite welfare efforts, inmates feel dehumanized and suffer condemnation and rejection by society and as a result breed ill feelings. When subjected to solitary confinement, which is one of prison’s recourse, psychological effects results to â€Å"dissatisfactions in life, delusions, panic feelings, claustrophobia, depression and madness†. Imprisonment is a host to other related psychological problems that results to trauma, mental and physical illnesses to some. As of 2006, the Bureau of Justice System estimated that there are about 705,000 jailed persons who are mentally ill, and that its growing number affects the correction policy of the government(Pollard, Anita, n.d.) Inmates receive health care while incarcerated, but the problem begins when they are released. Many of them, after spending years in prison are unemployed, have no means of livelihood, experience difficulties in reintegration to society, and lack health care insurance. As psychological problems become statewide occurrences, and reintegration to society even becomes more difficult upon their release from prison, the government is looking for possibilities that they be covered by Medicaid to access health care. Likewise, as a standard procedure, inmates go into various forms of counseling and physical activities while in prison. As trauma becomes a psychological problem by many of the inmates, researches have been done by medical practitioners on how to address psychological problems of inmates. Trauma, that has been tangled with experiences of mental illness, substance abuse, and behavioral problems often results to psychiatric disorder. (Wallace, B.C and

Leadership and communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership and communication - Essay Example It is fair to say that how a leader communicates is dependent upon his or her generation. According to the article entitled â€Å"Communication and Leadership,† â€Å"Effective communication occurs only if the receiver understands the exact information or idea that the sender intended to transmit†(â€Å"Communication and Leadership,† 2010). In this case, the leader would be the sender, and their audience would be the receiver. The leader will need to be aware of how his or her generation chooses to communicate and modify their own communication to these specifications in order for the communication to be deemed effective. A leader speaking to a group from the 1950s would use markedly different communication than a leader speaking to a group in 2011. The characteristics of my generation today in terms of communication is fairly simple. My generation is one that believes in swiftness and efficiency. This is likely due to having grown up in a society where people ge t what they want when they want it, also known as a fast food mentality. This mindset has become a part of many other aspects of life including communication. People want to get their information quickly and with little hassle or confusion. An example of this type of communication can be seen in the emails and text messages that are used in a great deal of communication. The minimal size of text messages in particular has spawned a huge array of abbreviations and shorthand words in order to communicate in as few words as possible. Additionally, it is important to note that another characteristic of my generation’s communication is a certain boldness. This is due to the anonymity that many people have become accustomed to because of the isolation and separation from face to face interaction that technology gives. This has resulted in the development of new social problems such as cyber bullying and sexting. Leaders in my generation tend to be different as well. Today’s leader has to strike a fine balance between the qualities of intelligence and responsibility and a good personality. Other generations may not have found likability to be so important, but my generation definitely does. Additionally, looks play an important part as well. Good looking people tend to find themselves in leadership positions more often than those who are not as good looking. Strong speaking skills are also needed in order to be a leader in today’s world. Perhaps a prime example of this would be the current President Barrack Obama. He is a good speaker, well-educated, and a strong orator. He often goes on talk shows such as Jay Leno in order to showcase his personality and sense of humor. The role of president is perhaps one of the most valued leadership roles in the entire world. Modern presidents typically have these characteristics because today’s generation strongly respond to these qualities, and that is why these type of people tend to be elected into leadership positions. Technology and the Information Age have played a very large role in how leaders communicate today. Many of the most influential leaders of today have their own websites in order to present specific information to their audience. Additionally, the invention of such tools as Youtube, podcasts, and Skype have allowed leaders to reach their audiences in many different formats. For the most part, technology has given leaders easy access to their audience

Economic for Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Economic for Managers - Essay Example The failure in major financial markets exists because of either of these conditions. Prior to the financial crisis, the financial markets such as stocks, bonds and mutual funds markets are considered markets where the invisible hand operates. The stock market has always been referred to as an efficient market by economists. According to Brealey, Myers and Marcus, â€Å"the competition [in this market] to find misvalued stocks is intense. So when new information comes out, investors rush to take advantage of it and thereby eliminate any profit opportunities (2004, 165).† An efficient market, according to Samuelson and Nordhaus in their book â€Å"Economics† is defined as â€Å"one where all new information is quickly understood by market participants and becomes immediately incorporated into the market prices (2004, 534).† This characteristic of the stock market as an efficient market is attributed to the availability of timely information which is incorporated in the prices of the stocks. The stock market indeed needs investors who believe that the market is inefficient in order to make the market efficient. As investors think that there is a certain degree of inefficiency in the market, these investors’ notion of the stock prices are that they are underpriced, and there is a chance to profit from this situation. Therefore, as investors believe in this inefficiency, and the possible reward of profiting from these undervalued stocks, they are driven to action. When investors are driven to action, they look for more sources of information, analyze the information and push the prices up or down depending on the value of the information as regards the certain stock. When investors are prompted to take action either by driving the prices of the stocks up or down depending on the information, the direction of the prices tend to be that which incorporates the value of the information—thus, eliminating the possible profits from buying

Isolation of Protein by Ammonium Sulphate Precipitation

Isolation of Protein by Ammonium Sulphate Precipitation Hypothesis Rubisco is a negatively charged protein that weighs 55,000 kDa and is also very soluble. When we add ammonium sulfate to reach a saturation of 50%, Rubisco can be isolated using ion exchange chromatography and protein electrophoresis. Materials and Methods Isolation of Protein by Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation Approximately 300g of fresh spinach leaves were de-ribbed and dried, then homogenized for 1 minute in 200mL of buffer. From the homogenized solution, approximately 50ml was placed into a beaker, which was stirred on a stir plate while 10.90g of solid ammonium sulfate was slowly added to reach 37% saturation. The solution was stirred for an additional 10 minutes and then centrifuged at 9,000-xg for 15 minutes. The pellet (Pellet I) was resuspended in 4mL of water and transferred into a dialysis bag for dialysis against distilled water. The supernatant was poured into a beaker and stirred on a stir plate while about 3g of ammonium sulfate was slowly added to reach 50% saturation. After about 15 minutes of stirring, the supernatant was centrifuged for 15 minutes at 7,000-xg. Following centrifugation, the pellet (Pellet II) was resuspended in 4mL of water and transferred into a dialysis bag for dialysis. Ion Exchange Column Chromatography The column was equilibrated by running 30mL of Buffer A (10mM Tris pH 8.0, 3mM EDTA) through. Afterwards, a centrifuge was used to pellet down any solid precipitate out of the dialyzed samples. 1mL of each sample (Pellet I and II) was transferred into labeled Eppendorf tubes and frozen for later use in the SDS-PAGE. Pellet I was diluted a 100-fold and about 4mL of diluted Pellet I and undiluted Pellet II were loaded into separate columns and the samples were allowed to flow through. The flow-through was discarded. 10mL of the low salt buffer (Buffer A + 50mM NaCl) was loaded onto the column and fractions of approximately 2mL were collected in separate cuvettes and labeled in order. After blanking the spectrophotometer at 280nm with low salt buffer, the OD readings of each fraction was measured. This process was repeated using the medium salt buffer (Buffer A + 200mM NaCl) and high salt buffer (Buffer A + 500mM NaCl). The spectrophotometer was blanked with each buffer before the readings of its corresponding fractions were obtained. The fractions with the highest OD reading at 280nm was collected in an Eppendorf tube, labeled, and placed on ice. The column was then washed with 10mL resin cleaning buffer which was discarded in a wash beaker. Protein Electrophoresis 30uL of 3X Sample Buffer (bromophenol blue, glycerol, dithiothreitol, and SDS) was added to 60ul of each of the 9 samples (standard, homogenate, Pellet I, Pellet I low, medium and high salt buffers, Pellet II low, medium and high salt buffers). The 9 tubes were heated in a water bath for 4 minutes. Into a prepared buffer chamber, approximately 20uL of each sample were loaded into separate wells using thin-barrel pipette tips. The gel was run at 180 Volts for approximately 50 minutes. The gel was removed from the glass plate sandwich and stained in Staining/Fixing Solution for 30 minutes. The gel was destained overnight in Destaining Solution and then dried ona vacuum gel dryer for one hour. Results Table 1: ODwavelength Readings of Protein Fractions for Pellet I OD Reading (280nm) Tube Low Salt Medium Salt High Salt 1 0.202 -0.077 0.020 2 0.162 0.022 -0.083 3 -0.015 -0.077 -0.059 4 0.246 0.003 -0.068 5 0.002 0.020 0.052 OD readings (280nm) for the fractions were measured using a spectrophotometer after they eluted from the ion exchange column. Table 2: OD Readings of Protein Fractions for Pellet II OD Reading (280nm) Tube Low Salt Medium Salt High Salt 1 HI 0.121 -0.069 2 HI 0.687 -0.059 3 1.442 -0.017 -0.095 4 0.963 0.025 0.200 5 0.229 -0.049 0.320 OD readings (280nm) for the fractions were measured using a spectrophotometer after they eluted from the ion exchange column. Table 3: Known Protein Standards, Relative Molecular Weights and Distance Traveled on Gel Proteins Distance Traveled (mm) Molecular Weight (Daltons) Phosphorylase b 80 97,000 Albumin 130 66,000 Ovalbumin 200 45,000 Carbonic anhydrase 260 30,000 Trypsin Indicator 20,100 Lactalbumin 14,400 The molecular weights of the proteins are known and the distance traveled was gotten by measuring with a ruler from the top of the well to the band of each band. Weight (kDa) Solutions of proteins with known weights were loaded and run in SDS-PAGE and the distance was measured from the top of the well to the bottom of the band. Table 4: title Sample # Sample No. of bands Migration distance (cm) Molecular Weight (kDa) 1 Pellet I Low salt 2 PI Medium salt 3 PI High salt 4 PI 1 2.7 28 5 Pellet II Low salt 1 2.8 26 6 PII Medium salt 7 PII High salt 8 Standard 1 2 3 4 0.8 1.3 2 2.6 97 66 45 30 9 Homogenate 1 2 3 1.8 2.3 2.6 50.3 36 30 The number of bands were tallied, then the molecular weight was collected as well as the migration distance. The migration was found by measuring from the top of the well to the bottom of the band. Four bands showed in the lane where the standard was loaded instead six, because there were six proteins present in the sample this does not make sense to me. Three bands give sizes appeared in the homogenate and one band in Pellet I and Pellet II low salt. Discussion Rubisco weighs 55,000 kDa according to literature and gel bands that correlate with it that size did not appear in either of the samples. It was predicted Rubisco is very negatively charged and very soluble, therefore it should elute the column at a high salt concentration because a large concentration of salt should be needed to disrupt the bonds created between the negatively charged ion of Rubisco and the positively charged resin, but the high salt buffer fractions had some of the lowest OD readings which is conflicting with our prediction. Instead, the OD readings were highest with the low salt buffer concentration. This could mean that Rubisco is not as negatively charged and soluble as we predicted. I cannot clearly conclude if Rubisco was isolated or not because the gel ripped and a big chunk of it was missing due to mishandling. Also, Rubisco might have been lost due to contamination because they were no bands that correlated with its molecular weight. Good! The quality of the experiment could be improved by some additional methods to identify Rubisco since it fixes carbon dioxide. Therefore they could be a test to show that the protein that was isolated can actually fix carbon dioxide.

The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Seven

Stefan approached the corner house reluctantly, almost afraid of what he might find. He half expected that Damon would have abandoned his post by now. He'd probably been an idiot to rely on Damon in the first place. But when he reached the backyard, there was a shimmer of motion among the black walnut trees. His eyes, sharper than a human's because they were adapted for hunting, made out the darker shadow leaning against a trunk. â€Å"You took your time getting back.† â€Å"I had to see the others home safe. And I had to eat.† â€Å"Animal blood,† Damon said contemptuously, eyes fixed on a tiny round stain on Stefan's T-shirt. â€Å"Rabbit, from the smell of it. That seems appropriate somehow, doesn't it?† â€Å"Damon-I've given Bonnie and Meredith vervain too.† â€Å"A wise precaution,† Damon said distinctly, and showed his teeth. A familiar surge of irritation welled up in Stefan. Why did Damon always have to be so difficult? Talking with him was like walking between land mines. â€Å"I'll be going now,† Damon continued, swinging his jacket over one shoulder. â€Å"I've got business of my own to take care of.† He tossed a devastating grin over his shoulder. â€Å"Don't wait up.† â€Å"Damon.† Damon half turned, not looking but listening. â€Å"The last thing we need is some girl in this town screaming ‘Vampire!' † Stefan said. â€Å"Or showing the signs, either. These people have been through it before; they're not ignorant.† â€Å"I'll bear that in mind.† It was said ironically, but it was the closest thing to a promise Stefan had ever gotten from his brother in his life. â€Å"And, Damon?† â€Å"Now what?† â€Å"Thank you.† It was too much. Damon whipped around, his eyes cold and uninviting, a stranger's eyes. â€Å"Don't expect anything of me, little brother,† he said dangerously. â€Å"Because you'll be wrong every time. And don't think you can manipulate me, either. Those three humans may follow you, but I won't. I'm here for reasons of my own.† He was gone before Stefan could gather words for a reply. It wouldn't have mattered anyway. Damon never listened to anything he said. Damon never even called him by name. It was always the scornful â€Å"little brother.† And now Damon was off to prove how unreliable he was, Stefan thought. Wonderful. He'd do something particularly vicious just to show Stefan he was capable of it. It was no use. He couldn't keep his mind on the puzzle. He was tired and lonely and in desperate need of comfort. And the stark truth was that there was no comfort to be had. Elena, he thought, you lied to me. It was the one thing she'd insisted on, the one thing she'd always promised. â€Å"Whatever happens, Stefan, I'll be with you. Tell me you believe that.† And he had answered, helpless in her spell, â€Å"Oh, Elena, I believe it. Whatever happens, we'll be together.† But she had left him. Not by choice maybe, but what did that matter in the end? She had left him and gone away. There were times when all he wanted was to follow her. Think about something else, anything else, he told himself, but it was too late. Once unleashed, the images of Elena swirled around him, too painful to bear, too beautiful to push away. The first time he'd kissed her. The shock of dizzy sweetness when his mouth met hers. And after that, shock after shock, but at some deeper level. As if she were reaching down to the core of himself, a core he'd almost forgotten. Frightened, he'd felt his defenses tear away. All his secrets, all his resistance, all the tricks he used to keep other people at arm's length. Elena had ripped through them all, exposing his vulnerability. Exposing his soul. And in the end, he found that it was what he wanted. He wanted Elena to see him without defenses, without walls. He wanted her to know him for what he was. Terrifying? Yes. When she'd discovered his secret at last, when she'd found him feeding on that bird, he had cringed in shame. He was sure that she'd turn away from the blood on his mouth in horror. In disgust. But when he looked into her eyes that night, he saw understanding. Forgiveness. Love. Her love had healed him. And that was when he knew they could never be apart. Other memories surged up and Stefan held on to them, even though the pain tore into him like claws. Sensations. The feel of Elena against him, supple in his arms. The brush of her hair on his cheek, light as a moth's wing. The curve of her lips, the taste of them. The impossible midnight blue of her eyes. But Bonnie had reached Elena. Elena's spirit, her soul, was still somewhere near. Of anyone, he should be able to summon it. He had Power at his command. And he had more right than anyone to seek her. He knew how it was done. Shut your eyes. Picture the person you want to draw near. That was easy. He could see Elena, feel her, smell her. Then call them, let your longing reach out into the emptiness. Open yourself and let your need be felt. Easier still. He didn't give a damn about the danger. He gathered all his yearning, all his pain, and sent it out searching like a prayer. And felt†¦ nothing. Only void and his own loneliness. Only silence. His Power wasn't the same as Bonnie's. He couldn't reach the one thing he loved most, the one thing that mattered to him. He had never felt so alone in his life. â€Å"You want what?† Bonnie said. â€Å"Some sort of records about the history of Fell's Church. Particularly about the founders,† Stefan said. They were all sitting in Meredith's car, which was parked a discreet distance behind Vickie's house. It was dusk of the next day and they had just returned from Sue's funeral-all but Stefan. â€Å"This has something to do with Sue, doesn't it?† Meredith's dark eyes, always so level and intelligent, probed Stefan's. â€Å"You think you've solved the mystery.† â€Å"Possibly,† he admitted. He had spent the day thinking. He'd put the pain of last night behind him, and once again he was in control. Although he could not reach Elena, he could justify her faith in him-he could do what she wanted done. And there was a comfort in work, in concentration. In keeping all emotion away. He added, â€Å"I have an idea about what might have happened, but it's a long shot and I don't want to talk about it until I'm sure.† â€Å"Why?† demanded Bonnie. Such a contrast to Meredith, Stefan thought. Hair as red as fire and a spirit to go with it. That delicate heart-shaped face and fair, translucent skin were deceptive, though. Bonnie was smart and resourceful-even if she was only beginning to find that out herself. â€Å"Because if I'm wrong, an innocent person might get hurt. Look, at this point it's just an idea. But I promise if I find any evidence tonight to back it up, I'll tell you all about it.† â€Å"You could talk with Mrs. Grimesby,† Meredith suggested. â€Å"She's the town librarian, and she knows a lot about the founding of Fell's Church.† â€Å"Or there's always Honoria,† Bonnie said. â€Å"I mean, she was one of the founders.† Stefan looked at her quickly. â€Å"I thought Honoria Fell had stopped communicating with you,† he said carefully. Stefan was surprised. He didn't entirely like the idea of Elena's journal on display. But Honoria's records might be exactly what he was looking for. Honoria had not just been a wise woman; she had been well versed in the supernatural. A witch. â€Å"The library's closed by now, though,† Meredith said. â€Å"That's even better,† said Stefan. â€Å"No one will know what information we're interested in. Two of us can go down there and break in, and the other two can stay here. Meredith, if you'll come with me-â€Å" â€Å"I'd like to stay here, if you don't mind,† she said. â€Å"I'm tired,† she added in explanation, seeing his expression. â€Å"And this way I can get my watch over with and get home earlier. Why don't you and Matt go and Bonnie and I stay here?† Stefan was still looking at her. â€Å"Okay,† he said slowly. â€Å"Fine. If it's all right with Matt.† Matt shrugged. â€Å"That's it, then. It might take us a couple of hours or more. You two stay in the car with the doors locked. You should be safe enough that way.† If he was right in his suspicions, there wouldn't be any more attacks for a while-a few days at least. Bonnie and Meredith should be safe. But he couldn't help wonder what was behind Meredith's suggestion. Not simple tiredness, he was sure. â€Å"By the way, where's Damon?† Bonnie asked as he and Matt started to leave. Stefan felt his stomach muscles tighten. â€Å"I don't know.† He had been waiting for someone to ask that. He hadn't seen his brother since last night, and he had no idea what Damon might be doing. â€Å"He'll show up eventually,† he said, and closed the door on Meredith's, â€Å"That's what I'm afraid of.† He and Matt walked to the library in silence, keeping to the shadows, skirting areas of light. He couldn't afford to be seen. Stefan had come back to help Fell's Church, but he felt sure Fell's Church didn't want his help. He was a stranger again, an intruder here. They would hurt him if they caught him. The library lock was easy to pick, just a simple spring mechanism. And the journals were right where Bonnie had said they would be. Stefan forced his hand away from Elena's journal. Inside was the record of Elena's last days, in her own handwriting. If he started thinking about that now†¦ He concentrated on the leather-bound book beside it. The faded ink on the yellowing pages was hard to read, but after a few minutes his eyes got accustomed to the dense, intricate writing with its elaborate curlicues. It was the story of Honoria Fell and her husband, who with the Smallwoods and a few other families had come to this place when it was still virgin wilderness. They had faced not only the dangers of isolation and hunger but of native wildlife. Honoria told the story of their battle to survive simply and clearly, without sentimentality. With a prickling at the back of his neck, he reread the entry carefully. At last he leaned back and shut his eyes. He'd been right. There was no longer any doubt in his mind. And that meant he must also be right about what was going on in Fell's Church now. For an instant, bright sickness washed over him, and an anger that made him want to rip and tear and hurt something. Sue. Pretty Sue who had been Elena's friend had died for†¦ that. A blood ritual, an obscene initiation. It made him want to kill. But then the rage faded, replaced by a fierce determination to stop what was happening and set things right. I promise you, he whispered to Elena in his own mind. I will stop it somehow. No matter what. He looked up to find Matt looking at him. Elena's journal was in Matt's hand, closing itself over his thumb. Just then Matt's eyes looked as dark a blue as Elena's. Too dark, full of turmoil and grief and something like bitterness. â€Å"You found it,† Matt said. â€Å"And it's bad.† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"It would be.† Matt pushed Elena's journal back into the case and stood. There was a ring almost of satisfaction in his voice. Like somebody who's just proved a point. â€Å"I could have saved you the trouble of coming here.† Matt surveyed the darkened library, jingling change in his pocket. A casual observer might have thought he was relaxed, but his voice betrayed him. It was raw with strain. â€Å"You just think of the worst thing you can imagine and that's always the truth,† he said. â€Å"Matt†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sudden concern stabbed at Stefan. He'd been too preoccupied since coming back to Fell's Church to look at Matt properly. Now he realized that he'd been unforgivably stupid. Something was terribly wrong. Matt's whole body was rigid with tension lying just under the surface. And Stefan could sense the anguish, the desperation in his mind. â€Å"Matt, what is it?† he said quietly. He got up and crossed to the other boy. â€Å"Is it something I did?† â€Å"I'm fine.† â€Å"You're shaking.† It was true. Fine tremors were running through the taut muscles. â€Å"I said I'm fine!† Matt swung away from him, shoulders hunched defensively. â€Å"Anyway, what could you have done to upset me? Besides taking my girl and getting her killed, I mean?† This stab was different, it was somewhere around Stefan's heart and it went straight through. Like the blade that had killed him once upon a time. He tried to breathe around it, not trusting himself to speak. â€Å"It was the truth.† Stefan waited a moment and then added, levelly, â€Å"But it's not the whole problem, is it?† Matt didn't answer. He stared at the floor, pushing something invisible with the side of one shoe. Just when Stefan was about to give up, he turned with a question of his own. â€Å"What's the world really like?† â€Å"What's†¦ what?† â€Å"The world. You've seen a lot of it, Stefan. You've got four or five centuries on the rest of us, right? So what's the deal? I mean, is it basically the kind of place worth saving or is it essentially a pile of crap?† Stefan shut his eyes. â€Å"Oh.† â€Å"And what about people, huh, Stefan? The human race. Are we the disease or just a symptom? I mean, you take somebody like-like Elena.† Matt's voice shook briefly, but he went on. â€Å"Elena died to keep the town safe for girls like Sue. And now Sue's dead. And it's all happening again. It's never over. We can't win. So what does that tell you?† â€Å"Matt.† â€Å"What I'm really asking is, what's the point? Is there some cosmic joke I'm not getting? Or is the whole thing just one big freaking mistake? Do you understand what I'm trying to say here?† â€Å"I understand, Matt.† Stefan sat down and ran his hands through his hair. â€Å"If you'll shut up a minute, I'll try to answer you.† Matt drew up a chair and straddled it. â€Å"Great. Take your best shot.† His eyes were hard and challenging, but underneath Stefan saw the bewildered hurt that had been festering there. â€Å"I've seen a lot of evil, Matt, more than you can imagine,† Stefan said. â€Å"I've even lived it. It's always going to be a part of me, no matter how I fight it. Sometimes I think the whole human race is evil, much less my kind. And sometimes I think that enough of both our races is evil that it doesn't matter what happens to the rest. â€Å"When you get down to it, though, I don't know any more than you do. I can't tell you if there's a point or if things are ever going to turn out all right.† Stefan looked straight into Matt's eyes and spoke deliberately. â€Å"But I've got another question for you. So what?† Matt stared. â€Å"So what?† â€Å"Yeah. So what.† â€Å"Yeah, so what?† Stefan leaned forward. â€Å"So what are you going to do, Matt Honeycutt, if every bad thing you've said is true? What are you going to do personally? Are you going to stop fighting and swim with the sharks?† Matt was grasping the back of his chair. â€Å"What are you talking about?† â€Å"You can do that, you know. Damon says so all the time. You can join up with the evil side, the winning side. And nobody can really blame you, because if the universe is that way, why shouldn't you be that way too?† â€Å"Like hell!† Matt exploded. His blue eyes were searing and he had half risen from his chair. â€Å"That's Damon's way, maybe! But just because it's hopeless doesn't mean it's all right to stop fighting. Even if I knew it was hopeless, I'd still have to try. I have to try, damn it!† â€Å"I know.† Stefan settled back and smiled faintly. It was a tired smile, but it showed the kinship he felt right then with Matt. And in a moment he saw by Matt's face that Matt understood. â€Å"I know because I feel the same way,† Stefan continued. â€Å"There's no excuse for giving up just because it looks like we're going to lose. We have to try-because the other choice is to surrender.† â€Å"I'm not ready to surrender anything,† Matt said through his teeth. He looked as if he'd fought his way back to a fire inside him that had been burning all along. â€Å"Ever,† he said. â€Å"Yeah, well, ‘ever' is a long time,† Stefan said. â€Å"But for what it's worth, I'm going to try not to either. I don't know if it's possible, but I'm going to try.† â€Å"That's all anybody can do,† Matt said. Slowly, he pushed himself off the chair and stood straight. The tension was gone from his muscles, and his eyes were the clear, almost piercing blue eyes Stefan remembered. â€Å"Okay,† he said quietly. â€Å"If you found what you came for, we'd better get back to the girls.† Stefan thought, his mind switching gears. â€Å"Matt, if I'm right about what's going on, the girls should be okay for a while. But you go ahead and take over the watch from them. As long as I'm here there's something I'd like to read up on-by a guy named Gervase of Tilbury, who lived in the early 1200s.† â€Å"Even before your time, eh?† Matt said, and Stefan gave him the ghost of a smile. They stood for a moment, looking at each other. â€Å"All right. I guess I'll see you at Vickie's.† Matt turned to the door, then hesitated. Abruptly, he turned again and held out his hand. â€Å"Stefan-I'm glad you came back.† Stefan gripped it. â€Å"I'm glad to hear it† was all he said, but inside he felt a warmth that took away the stabbing pain. And some of the loneliness, too.

Understanding the Business Competitive Environment

When designing a new strategy for the company, a firm must fully analyze the respective competitive environment in order to come up with decisions that are beneficial. A company must take into account even the minutest details regarding the competitors to understand the factors driving the success of the competitors. PEST analysis, SWOT analysis and Michael Porter’s 5 forces analysis are some ways that develop an understanding of the success of the competitor firms (Porter, 1998). Some questions are given below which help the companies to understand the importance of their expertise and their operations. . How strong is the team of the members at the competitor firm? A firm must focus on their own team and work towards the exploitation of expertise of these members. The other firm may perform well because of their specialization in that field. However, at your company you should make your team strong to gain a competitive edge. 2. What are the practices (operations) adopted by the competitor firm? This helps the firm to gather knowledge on the procedures and methods adopted by the competitor firms. This knowledge helps the company in making its processes efficient in order to stay ahead in the industry and also so that the firms practices can become a benchmark. (Withrow, 2006). 3. What markets or market segments your competitors serve? This question helps the firm in realizing the markets that are being catered and the markets that can be tapped. If the company focuses on itself, it can capture the market of its competitors and create a loyal customer base for itself (Withrow, 2006). 4. What are the competitor’s products/ services prices and promotion strategy? This helps in gaining an insight about the strategies that the companies adopt in order to capture the market. The firm must focus on improving its strategies of cost cutting and adopting to the technological changes so that it can remain ahead of the competition. (Ward, n. d. ) 5. Why customers buy from your competitors? The answer to this question tells about the added value that customers receive as a result of using the competitor products. The firm must focus on providing best services to the customers so that they remain loyal.

The Original Jurisdiction of the U.S. Supreme Court

The Original Jurisdiction of the U.S. Supreme Court While the vast majority of cases considered by the U.S. Supreme Court come to it in the form of an appeal to a decision by one of the lower federal or state appeals courts, a few but important categories of cases can be taken directly to the Supreme Court under its â€Å"original jurisdiction.† Original jurisdiction is the power of a court to hear and decide a case before it has been heard and decided by any lower court. In other words, it is a court’s power to hear and decide a case before any appellate review. The Fastest Track to the Supreme Court As originally defined in Article III, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, and now codified in federal law at 28 U.S.C.  § 1251. Section 1251(a), the Supreme Court has original jurisdiction over four categories of cases, meaning parties involved in these types of cases can take them directly to the Supreme Court, thus bypassing the usually lengthy appeals court process. In the Judiciary Act of 1789, Congress made the Supreme Courts original jurisdiction exclusive in suits between two or more states, between a state and a foreign government, and in suits against ambassadors and other public ministers. Today, it is assumed that the Supreme Courts jurisdiction over other types of suits involving the states was to be concurrent or shared, with the state courts. The categories of cases falling under the Supreme Court’s original jurisdiction are: Controversies between two or more states;All actions or proceedings to which ambassadors, other public ministers, consuls, or vice consuls of foreign states are parties;All controversies between the United States and a state; andAll actions or proceedings by a state against the citizens of another state or against aliens. In cases involving controversies between states, federal law gives the Supreme Court both original- and â€Å"exclusive†- jurisdiction, meaning such cases may be heard only by the Supreme Court.   In its 1794 decision in the case of Chisholm v. Georgia, the Supreme Court stirred controversy when it ruled that Article III granted it original jurisdiction over suits against a state by a citizen of another state. Both Congress and the states immediately saw this as a threat to the sovereignty of the states and reacted by adopting the Eleventh Amendment, which states: â€Å"The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.†Ã‚   Marbury v. Madison: An Early Test An important aspect of the Supreme Court’s original jurisdiction is that its Congress cannot expand its scope. This was established in the bizarre â€Å"Midnight Judges† incident, which led to the Court’s ruling in the landmark 1803 case of Marbury v. Madison. In February 1801, newly elected President, Thomas Jefferson - an Anti-Federalist - ordered his acting Secretary of State James Madison not to deliver commissions for appointments for 16 new federal judges who had been made by his Federalist Party predecessor, President John Adams. One of the snubbed appointees, William Marbury, filed a petition for a writ of mandamus directly in the Supreme Court, on the jurisdictional grounds that the Judiciary Act of 1789 stated that the Supreme Court shall have power to issue †¦ writs of mandamus ... to any courts appointed, or persons holding office, under the authority of the United States.† In its first use of its power of judicial review over acts of Congress, the Supreme Court ruled that by expanding the scope of the Court’s original jurisdiction to include cases involving presidential appointments to the federal courts, Congress had exceeded its constitutional authority.  Ã‚   Few, but Important Cases Of the three ways in which cases may reach the Supreme Court (appeals from lower courts, appeals from state supreme courts, and original jurisdiction), by far the fewest cases are considered under the Court’s original jurisdiction. On average, only two to three of the nearly 100 cases heard annually by the Supreme Court are considered under original jurisdiction. However, many are still important cases. Most original jurisdiction cases involve border or water rights disputes between two or more states, meaning they can only be resolved by the Supreme Court. For example, the now famous original jurisdiction case of Kansas v. Nebraska and Colorado involving the rights of the three states to use the waters of the Republican River was first placed on the Court’s docket in 1998 and was not decided until 2015.   Other major original jurisdiction might involve lawsuits filed by a state government against a citizen of another state. In the landmark 1966 case of South Carolina v. Katzenbach, for example, South Carolina challenged the constitutionality of the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965 by suing U.S. Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach, a citizen of another state at the time. In its majority opinion written by revered Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Supreme Court rejected South Carolina’s challenge finding that the Voting Rights Act was a valid exercise of Congress power under the enforcement clause of the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution. Original Jurisdiction Cases and Special Masters’ The Supreme Court deals differently with cases considered under its original jurisdiction than those reaching it through its more traditional â€Å"appellate jurisdiction.† In original jurisdiction cases dealing with disputed interpretations of the law or the U.S. Constitution, the Court itself will usually hear traditional oral arguments by attorneys on the case. However, in cases dealing with disputed physical facts or actions, as often happens because they have not been heard by a trial court, the Supreme Court usually appoints a â€Å"special master† to the case. The special master- usually an attorney retained by the Court- conducts what amounts to a trial by gathering evidence, taking sworn testimony and making a ruling. The special master then submits a Special Master Report to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court then considers the special master’s ruling in the same manner as a regular federal appeals court would, rather than conducting its own trial. Next, the Supreme Court decides whether to accept the special master’s report or to hear arguments over the disagreements with the special master’s report. Finally, the Supreme Court decides the case by voting in its traditional manner, along with written statements of concurrence and dissent. Original Jurisdiction Cases Can Take Years to Decide While most cases that reach the Supreme Court on appeal from lower courts are heard and ruled on within a year after being accepted, original jurisdiction cases assigned to a special master can take months, even years to settle. The special master must basically â€Å"start from scratch† in handling the case. Volumes of pre-existing briefs and legal pleadings by both parties must be read and considered by the master. The master may also need to hold hearings in which arguments by the lawyers, evidence, and witness testimony may be presented. This process results in thousands of pages of records and transcripts that must be compiled, prepared and weighed by the special master. For example, the original jurisdiction case of Kansas v. Nebraska and Colorado involving disputed rights to water from the Republican River was accepted by the Supreme Court in 1999. Four reports from two different special masters later, the Supreme Court finally ruled on the case 16 years later in 2015. Thankfully, the people of Kansas, Nebraska, and Colorado had other sources of water.

The Most Dangerous Game essays

The Most Dangerous Game essays The dramatic situation of The Most Dangerous Game is not extremely complex, but it is a very good story that has been recreated many times since its publish date. The setting is set mainly on a large island in the Caribbean Sea, and the conflicts tell a classic story of good versus evil between the two main characters, Rainsford and Zaroff. Irony and foreshadowing make the story a little more mysterious. The Most Dangerous Game has always been one of my favorite short stories. For these reasons, I have decided to write my analysis on Richard Connells The Most Dangerous Game. The story begins on a yacht in the Caribbean Sea. The protagonist, Sanger Rainsford, is talking to one of his good friends, Whitney, about the trip that they are taking to hunt along the Amazon River. Rainsford, at some point during the night, falls off of the yacht, and must swim to a nearby shore. He arrives at a small island called Ship-Trap Island. Rainsford hears gunshots in the distance and follows them to a great mansion. Here Rainsford finds General Zaroff, the antagonist. Zaroff welcomes Rainsford with open arms and treats him to a great feast. During the meal, Zaroff and Rainsford discuss hunting different types of game. The general suggest that he and Rainsford hunt in the morning. When Rainsford realizes that Zaroff hunts humans, whom are much harder to hunt because they can reason, he refuses. Because of this refusal, Zaroff decides to hunt Rainsford. Rainsford must then run and hide from the general in the woods. During the next three days, Rainsford and Za roff have three separate encounters. Each of these encounters ends with Zaroff walking away giving Rainsford another chance. The final encounter turns the tide on Zaroff as Rainsford sneaks into Zaroffs bedroom and kills him. The setting of this story is on an island in the Caribbean Sea. Within the island are a few areas that the storys action ...

An Analysis of the Current Developments in International Advertising Essay - 1

An Analysis of the Current Developments in International Advertising Regulation and the Impact on International Marketing Practice and Consumption - Essay Example Some of the notable marketing aspects include e-marketing, social media marketing, product diversification, repositioning of brands among others. In order to enhance product awareness and customer’s loyalty, global companies such as Coca-Cola, Toyota, General motors, Honda, Apple Incorporation, Pepsi among others have taken wide range of advertisements through satellite television, newspapers, internet and other avenues. This paper gives the analysis of the current developments in international advertising regulations and the impact on international marketing practise and consumption. International advertising involves spreading of messages that are related to a product or a service with an aim of propelling the demand from the existing customers or with the purpose of attracting new consumers. It is important to note that due to the cultural diversity and social aspects in various countries, the way customers perceive or react to an advertisement campaign differs. In this regard, international advertising entails the communicating process that takes into consideration the consumption patterns of the audience, multiple cultures and forms of communication. In the same way, international advertisement has been recognized by international agencies as a profitable business in terms of creating adverts on behalf of organizations. One of the major causes of heated discussion among the advertising managers and academics is advertising standardization. According to the advertising managers, establishment of a comprehensive advertisement campaign entails the identification of local, intrinsic and firm factors that manipulate global advertising. In order to effectively serve the firms that were aimed at operating at an international level, advertising agencies established themselves in various countries. This was based on the high returns that they anticipated by treating the advertising campaigns as business

The Acme Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Acme Company - Case Study Example The Acme Corporation is looking for an international bank to manage its bank related operations on a global scale. Citibank is considered to be one of the biggest banks of the world and it has operations all over the world. The bank is located in more than 100 countries and it has more than 200 million customers around the world. Compliance is the biggest issue in corporate banking and Citibank's fraud management team is considered to be the best in the business. Acme's banking issues can easily be resolved by Citibank because of their swiftness in operations. Among all the international banks Citibank has more branches in Asia and in the Middle East as compared to all other international banks. The bank can tailor made the services and provide effective services for global organizations. In the case of managing the working capital "Citibank" is the best choice because it provides services like liquidity management, international and domestic clearances, check outsourcing systems etc. The bank offers internet bases banking and swift transfer through the wire transfer options. The centralization of cash can be done easily through Citibank. The clearing service of Citibank is amongst the top in the world and the frequency of transactions is $1 trillion per day.

Practical Word Assignment - The Differences between the Traditional Essay

Practical Word Assignment - The Differences between the Traditional Web and Web 2.0 - Essay Example Web 2.0 differs with the traditional web in a number of ways. Many web applications now come under the heading of Web 2.0, these include. Flickr, Google adsense, Wikipedia, blogging, Bit torrent, Napster and search engine optimization. (Web 2.0) One of the most important features of the Web 2.0 which differentiates it from the traditional web is the ‘Ajax’ which actually means the shaping of the new web-based applications to work in friendlier and easier desktop-based applications. These applications form a major part of this web and a new wave of such applications have entered the internet market. Companies like Microsoft are now focused on developing such internet applications but it was Google which made a head start, beginning with its popular Google maps. From then, a number of web applications have been created including Google earth. The next distinguishing feature of the Web 2.0 is the way of sharing and collaborating information. Web 2.0 proposes democracy in which anyone can say or post whatever he wills. This has been done in practice by the introduction of blogging sites like blogspot.com and social networking sites like facebook. Traditional web did not provide a platform to promote voice of the people but with the concept of Web 2.0, people can actually write and post their views with adequate ease. Another part is the easy access to information and Wikipedia is the living example of it. Users are able to access huge encyclopedias of information without making payments, registering themselves or subscribing to newsletters. (OReilly, 2005) Another important feature of the Web 2.0 is fair treatment of the users. In the traditional web, the sites were really strict in their handling of the users, subjecting them to frequent registrations and quite unnecessary ads. Many of the famous sites based on the traditional web system are loaded with conspicuous and obtrusive

Jim Goodnight Essay Example for Free

Jim Goodnight Essay Goodnight is driven by creating a culture that is full of employee engagement and motivation. On the SAS website, Jim Goodnight is quoted as saying, â€Å"Treat employees like they make a difference and they will†. In a publication from Harvard Business Review that Goodnight co-wrote with author Richard Florida he states, â€Å"companies prosper when they harness the creative capital of their employees, as those are the individuals that are creative thinkers and generate valuable products and services. † Mr. Goodnight understands that his product is a â€Å"product of the mind,† and therefore recognizes that maintaining an environment that retains employees and keeps them engaged is a requirement to be successfully. Jim Goodnight has entrenched motivator factors into his business, while minimizing and eliminating hygiene factors for his employees. SAS uses a vertical loading management style that allows employees to be more engaged and empowered in their work. Employees draw responsibility and challenge from this management platform. SAS employees are often only two or three levels down from the CEO, Jim Goodnight, and work alongside their management writing code and setting deadlines. These factors motivate employees and displays to them that managers can be technical in nature and work alongside them â€Å"in the trenches. † Also, SAS has a strong focus on employee satisfaction and uses all possible means to minimize and eliminate hygiene factors that could cause dissatisfaction. Mr. Goodnight pays his employees a competitive salary, however, he shows his commitment through other means such as; benefits, company programs, and employee facilities. SAS understands that work life balance is a conflict that most professionals have to deal with and overcome. SAS maintains flexibility by offering services that ease this burden such as; lunch programs, unlimited sick leave, and in house childcare. The fact that SAS has never had a layoff speaks volumes to its employees about the dedication that leadership has to its employees on job security and proper staffing levels. These factors have far reaching effects on employees and families, as they recognize and appreciate these benefits. My current employer offers a package similar to the one SAS provides its employees, and I experience similar results. For example, teams are more motivated and engaged in their work with minimal turnover and low dissatisfaction with their jobs, and teams are more likely to accept additional assignments with minimal pushback. Jim Goodnight is clearly motivated by offering his employees the highest quality of work life balance possible. He believes the culture is based on trust between our employees and the company.

American Women Liberation :: essays research papers

Did WW II Liberate American Women?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  World War II did liberate American Woman .After pearl harbor,in fact , employers openly encouraged women to join the industrial labor pool.By 1947, 37 percent of all adult in United States were inwork force.Married women represented over 70 percented of the increase in female employees,a significant shift away from traditional patterns in which the vast majority of working women had been young and single.It has also been criticized that they lost their job right after the war was ended. But not all of them lost their jobs. Lots of them who desired to continue to work held their positions safe.As they had already paved their way towards employment, it wasn't difficult for them to work in different places they haven't woked before.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most significant change that WW II brought in American Women is the end of sex segregation in work force.Prior, they were allowed to do some so called female jobs and live life as housewives. But during world war II they were employed in different manufacturing jobs and the work they performed challanged prevailing definition of womanhood.Black women were able to benifit more from WW II. Before the war the majority of black women were relegated to the whte woman's kitchen.In 1940, two-third of employed black women worked as domestic in LA. By 1950, this proportion dropped to 40% and was accompained by an increase of black women in durable maufacturing.Different criticism had been made that women had to quit their jobs to make space available for men who returned from the war. But the war had changed the perspective of nature of work that women were into before the war.The war had women more freedom than they had ever had before.

“A Property Of the Clan” by Nick Enright: Analysis Essay

“A Property of the Clan † unravels the death of a teenage girl at an underage drinking party and explores how the youths handle the situation. â€Å"A Property of the Clan† is not light entertainment, or an easy play to read. It deals with an ugly and disturbing subject, but does so in a thoughtful and sensitive way, acknowledging the brutal reality of violence against women as an unfortunate experience in life. The plot of “A Property of the Clan † is about teenage violence that existed within Australia at the time; an example is that the language and actions teens make are very abusive throughout the play when ever they drink alcohol. The play contains many themes that involved the lifestyle of Australian youth including; Surf culture, mateship, teenage rebellion, peer pressure and partying (Underage Drinking and Drug use). However, A Property of the Clan” centralises on the idea of Mateship, where you are put into a position to do the right thing or betray your friend. Jared is to choose either do the right thing and tell the police who the murderer is or to keep the secret. With supporting themes such as teenage rebellion where the person opposes their parents command, peer pressure is when you are forced to do something because people are basically abusing you to do so otherwise you will be unpopular. Also the theme of partying is quite important to the Australian youth culture, compared to other countries. Australian teens tend to underage drink and abuse drugs more. It also explores the diminished responsibilities of people under the influence of alcohol and the dire consequences of actions linking to the events in “A Property of the Clan”. † A Property of the Clan’s† targeted audience should be about 17 years old and over, whether a less mature person can understand and explore their own ideas and experience or as an adult (or parents) can further understand the surrounding culture their children are in due to the sensitive content. The main characters from “A Property of the Clan † are from the surfing community of Newcastle, Australia. At the beginning of the play you can see the community in the play is quite rough, Ricko, an aggressive boy, is the leader of the group. The other characters always seem to be intimidated by him; the relationship between Ricko and others is interesting because they know that he isn’t a good person, but still ‘hang out’ with him. This links  to the idea of mateship and peer pressure because of Ricko’s violent characteristics. People who watch this play will be influenced by the violence at first, but towards the end of the play, you can see the change of Ricko’s characteristics transform from a â€Å"Hardcore† to week depressed teen when he admitted that he murdered the girl. The language of “A Property of the Clan” contains very Australian typical 1990’s slang, using slang to communicate often, i.e â€Å"Bush pig†, â€Å"Pay out† and â€Å"mate†. Also the swearing is quite intense for a drama play being performed; it contains a lot of swearing and abusive words. Bibiography : Play script ‘ A Property Of The Clan’

A World Without Children

A World Without Children A world without children would be a terrible place to live in. Everyone would know that mankind is dying and would soon be extinct. With kids around, the earth is a much happier place. Not because we know we’ll survive, but because children can brighten up anyone’s day. Children are essential for humans to prosper, and they bring the kindness and responsibility out of people. Newborns seem to be unaware of their surroundings, but in reality, they are taking in the sights, sounds, and smells of this new world.Toddlers are in the stage of becoming independent; they want to do things for themselves and have their own ideas about how things should happen. Preschool children want to touch, taste, smell, hear, and test things for themselves. School age children are often excited about going to school; their parents are still the most important people in their lives. For a start, the survival of humans would be impossible without children. There would be a select number of people living that would slowly die away, and then everyone is gone. Reproduction is very significant to us because it keeps our species at a stable population.Children are the next generation and without them there are no new generations. So basically, once reproduction stops it’s just a matter of time before mankind is no more. With no children our fate would be inevitable; we would become extinct. All children are important to the survival of mankind. Secondly, children make people responsible. With little ones around people are usually more careful. When you become a parent you have a lot more things that depend on you, so you need to become responsible to take care of all those things. Infants cannot take care of their daily needs, so they rely on their parents to do all these things from them.If children weren’t here people would be a lot less responsible. I believe some people would act as if they weren’t accountable for their action s. As an example, I had a cousin who was probably the most irresponsible person I knew. She spent her life partying and not seeing the consequences that could come from it. She had a child about a year ago, and from the way she has turned her life around you would have never known it was the same girl who went out every night to parties. I know from this that a child can really change everything about you.Knowing that you have control over someone’s life and have to take care of most everything for them can really change a person. Children are the ultimate responsibility. Furthermore, children can make people kind. Kindness is a big role in raising a child. You need to nurture them with love and compassion. All children need to feel loved and valued. Children who feel loved and successful have greater confidence and higher self-esteem. These qualities give them strength and resiliency to overcome disappointment and stress. A child left without feeling loved will have a hard l ife.Providing a child with care and attention can also promote development. Play promotes progress in all areas of development. Physical activities like playing tag, catch, or riding a bike help promote motor skills. Playing with puzzles helps children learn about sizes and shapes and how things fit together. Reading to children teaches them about letters, words, and ideas. Storytelling, pretend play, and drawing encourage creativity. When you play games like patty-cake and peek-a-boo it forms bonds with the child. Playing with them lets them know that they deserve your time and attention.This boosts their self-esteem, and it helps them learn to give and receive love. Playing board games and group games promotes social skills such as sharing, taking turns, resolving conflicts, and compromising. When playing with others, they learn how to develop and maintain friendships. Playing with others also teaches children to understand how their actions affect others around them. Gradually, c hildren will learn that cheating is wrong because it’s unfair to others. All of these things need to be put into action with kindness because kindness is one of the biggest roles in raising a child.As was previously stated, survival, responsibility, and kindness are my three thoughts on what the world would be like without children. I believe that without children people would become much less responsible. Because an abundance of people learn how significant responsibility is once they become parents, the world would lose track of their obligations much easier without the experience of very important responsibilities. Also, I think that kindness would be depleted drastically. People already know how to be nice, but when around children you learn a new type of kindness. I believe that children bring out the goodness in people.By showing kindness to children you help them develop self-esteem and teach them how to show kindness to others. The last reason of what I think the worl d would be like without children is the end of mankind. Without reproducing, humans would be gone, and that is inevitable. With no children there are no new generations being created. To put this to an end, I believe these are all valid points on what the world would be like without children. Without children I think the world would be a darker place. I wouldn’t want to live in it, and I don’t think anyone else would either.

Economic Crime Essay Example

Economic Crime Essay Example Economic Crime Paper Economic Crime Paper Advancing technology has created more opportunities for fraud. Computer use leaves everyone vulnerable to fraud, Including telemarketing fraud, Identity theft, and health care scams. What Is Economic Crime? Economic Crimes can be defined as the intentional use of deceit to deprive another of money, property or a legal right. Economic crimes fall broadly into the categories of those illegal actions under-taken by perpetrators to make money for themselves or those illegal actions undertaken principally to further the aims of their company or other organizations. Types and scope of Economic Fraud: Economic Crimes can be of various types and nature. It varies from individual to organizational level. Most commonly observed in our daily life are as follows: Serial I Crime Type I Brief Description Asset Misappropriation I Include the misuse or theft of assets belonging to a company Bank Fraud I Act to defraud a bank of funds I 3. | Bribery I Anything of value Is offered/accepted with Intent to Influence decisions/octagons of the taker IP Infringements I someone copies or imitate items without any authorization. But no organization is immune from this phenomenon. Fig 2: Economic Crimes reported by sectors Motives behind an Economic Crime: There can be various factors which influence a well educated person into crime. Money/profit is the key motive behind the crime, being committed individual level or an organizational level. Also, within an organization when legitimate or conventional avenues make the attainment of a goal difficult or impossible, many of us, whether as individual or as corporate actors, will resort to illegitimate or deviant avenues. Fraud motive are defined in Fraud Triangle, which often point to three factors, need of an incentive or pressure to engage in misconduct, opportunity to commit fraud and ability to rationalize or Justify their actions. The Main Players: Economic Crimes are committed by people at every level and in practically every department. One survey suggests that Figureheads within a business are responsible for 25% of all reported frauds. Most fraudsters tend to be risk-takers, decisive, extroverted, career- or success-oriented individuals. Paradoxically, it is precisely these traits that are also highly prized in management recruitment. Todays manager needs to possess a high degree of creativity and flexibility, qualities which an be successfully employed both appropriately and inappropriately. The Victims: The Government is a major victim of many forms of economic crime, which indirectly affects all citizens. Examples include Tax evasion and frauds by public servants. Organizations may also be a victims of frauds and are particularly vulnerable to offences involving the financial or technical expertise of employees. Investors and savors are also most vulnerable to financial frauds and other offences such as MISs of Economic Crime: Enron: revealed in October 2001, eventually led to the bankruptcy of the Enron Corporation, an American energy company based in Houston, Texas, and the dissolution of Arthur Andersen, which was one of the five largest audit and accountancy partnerships in the world. Wrought the use of accounting loopholes, special purpose entities, and poor financial reporting, were able to hide billions in debt from failed deals and projects. Enrons stock price, which hit a high of IIS$90 per share in mid-2000, caused shareholders to lose nearly $11 billion when it plummeted to less than Dye ten Ana AT November z Leaping communications, CEO, Rural was sentenced to fifteen years in federal prison. Riggs was convicted last July of fraud and conspiracy charges relating to $50 million in cash advances and $252 million more in margin loans. L. Dennis Kowalski, the former CEO of Tycoon, and Mark Swartz, his main lieutenant. Both of them were convicted by a Manhattan Jury Just three days earlier on charges relating to the theft of $1 50 million and the covert sale of stock worth nearly $500 million more. The Tycoon convictions (twenty-two counts each) cap a three-year investigation involving two trials, nearly ten months of testimony and overall weeks of Jury deliberations. World CEO Bernard Beers, who was convicted of engineering an unprecedented $11 billion fraud. Astray Scandal: Economic Crime Pakistan: Pakistan is not an exemption to the horizon of economic crimes. The concept and the term of Economic Crime is, nonetheless comparatively new in Pakistan as compared to other developed countries. But crimes at individual levels (frauds, forgery, banking loans, kickbacks, bribery) are very common. Corporate crime terminology is, however, a new horizon in Pakistan. Not much cases of corporate crimes are so far reported. Scarcity of reported corporate crimes is not due to honest trading or fair game play. Rather, lack of expertise on the side of investigators and Political influence are main factors for non-reporting of Corporate Crimes. As the result of growing economy, multi-national culture and globalization impact on Pakistan, there are much more requirements to indigenously cope with the globally increasing trend of Economic Crimes. Preemptive measures are needed to cope with the economic crimes trend rather than planning after it got roots in our economy. Some very familiar Economic Crimes which come up in our recent history are Cooperative scandal, Finance Companies, SEEM scams, Land Mafia, Housing Schemes, AKA Pride, Tax Company, kickbacks in defense deals. Legislation in Pakistan: A lot of efforts have already been put through on legislation in recent past. But still lot of work needs to be done. Legislation is ever evolving process especially for the sectors which are continuously growing and new trends and techniques are continuously applied like the case of Economic Crimes. Some highlights of the legislative work done in Pakistan are as follows: Anti Money Laundering Act 2010 The Act mainly applies on different types of currency transactions which exceed amount specified by National Executive Committee.