Discuss the impact of British colonial rule, and in particular the Essay

Discuss the impact of British compound rule, and in particular the regulations regarding witchcraft accusations and oracles, on the framing and methods of Evans - Essay ExampleMost of the worlds knowledge of witchcraft during thatperiod and beyond in fact came down from Western Europe, where it was believed that many mickle practiced witchcraft, something considered evil and frightening. Scholars believe that witchcraft in Europe was part of a very antique religion that existed long before Christianity. Thousands of witch trials were held there at which people were accused of witchcraft. These witch trials were after replicated in massive proportions in Salem, Massachussets in the US, another former British colony, where suspected witches were hanged and burned at the stake.So it must have been nothing new for the British to come upon the practice of witchcraft in many African territories that they colonized. Much like their forbears in the Middle Ages, their reaction to witchcraft in Africa was oneness of fear followed by a desire to persecute and eliminate the source of that fear. This is exactly what the British try to do in Azande, a territory that straddles the boundaries of Sudan, Zaire and the Central African Republic.Under the 1899 Anglo-French Convention, the French who competed and fought with the British in Africa ceded the Azande to the British. Forthwith, the British established a military outpost there which military occupation gave charge to civil administration in 1920. The Azandes lived in the watershed area between the Nile and Congo rivers to which they were resettled from the wild by the British after the first World War. They never returned to the jungles.When the British gave Azande some independence, it set up a civil service system manned by career people generally from the hurrying classes in England. A British colonial governor and a legislative council ruled the territory alongside the native chieftains. One of the first steps taken

The law of contract demonstrates that the courts cling to an outdated Essay

The law of tighten demonstrates that the courts cling to an outdated vision of the market, which privileges certainty, form and - Essay Example par as an opposing principle practiced under capital regimes exposes the markets to uncertainty before the courts with regard to ossification with the law of contract. Certainty is a key theme in courts of equity, which comes at a cost of dominating relationships and fair dealings in the modern contract law setting. This implies that the government through the judiciary intervenes in various spheres of market operations by enforcing stipulated contract rules and procedures against all odds of relationships and fair dealings.4 The privilege presumption to certainty in contract law is seen in many cases, a case in distributor point being Gibson v Manchester City Council.5 In the case, the Court of Appeal held that no contract had been established between the two parties, considering that the councils letter did not present a contractual off er. In this case, there was no certainty regarding the offer. An early(a) case that exemplifies the privilege given to certainty is Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company.6 In this case, the Court of Appeal held that a contract had been formed between Carbolic Smoke Ball Company and Carlill, considering that the fall posted by the latter regarding the effectiveness of the product on offer presented all the elements of a bandaging contract.78 Certainty in the legal injury of the contract is emphasized in the words of Lord Justice Lindley We be dealing with an express promise to pay $100 in certain events.9 Freedom of contract encompasses the ideals of equity and equality10. Equity as the main principle in contract law provides for certainty and clarity against other factors that complicate a judges perception of wisdom11. A formalized set of rules in the contract law jurisprudence affects the free market setting in which the modern economic procedures take place. In the descripti on of the free market economies, application of a strict and rigid legal regime oftentimes translates into complication of freedom of contract, as the economy requires. In this discussion, the principles of contract law in force decorate the apparent disconnect with the freedom of contract, relationships and fair dealing. Mitigating principles under contract law implies that the parties to a contract moldiness accept the exchange value forwarded by the other party to avoid sustaining avoidable loss.12 In terms of fairness interpretation, mitigation principles may not apply in cases where the relationship between the parties does not concede such cooperation as would reduce loss. Market setting based on business rivalry and disceptation may not allow such conditions as would enable the parties to partake in contractual obligations of mitigating losses even when aggrieved. In terms of remoteness as observed in Transfield transferral Inc. v Mercator Shipping Inc. (The Achilleas), 13 mitigation is particularly difficult in realization of contractual obligations. It is impossible for mitigating procedures to be distinguished from sufferance of the contract, which makes contract law unfair on

Teenage Pregnancy Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teenage motherhood - Annotated Bibliography ExampleOne of the first main points that should be covered in this paper is to highlight what merely would be the outcomes of somebody were to not get an abortion. Kate Kerzinke outlined an effective paper on this topic in 2003 in the New York Times. The author identifies that there is a cycle associated with immature pregnancy which is that a teenage girl gets pregnant, leavers their formal education, becomes dependant on welf atomic number 18 and in turn raises a child that herself becomes a teenage mother and then repeats the cycle. Whilst this paper does not necessarily come directly from an academic diary it was published in the New York Times which is a fairly reputable publication. Moreover there whitethorn be a concern that the information is not the most current however for the purpose of this paper, the blood will be used to discuss socioeconomic problems and not demographic trends so the information would hang on up to date .The next source that will be examined I a paper that highlights where demographic trends are heading in regards to teenage abortion. Bielski, 2010 was an excellent source for this information. His work which appeared in the Globe and Mail determine that the abortion rate droped by approximately 36.9% in Canada. Although it is the case that the focus of this research was in the Canadian Market, one could make the argument that Canada and The United States are nations that are not totally unlike for each one other. Moreover the article appeared in a newspaper and not an academic journal but practically like the New York Times, the Globe and Mail is a respected article and as such is to a great extent scrutinized by the Canadian public.

Litigation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Litigation - Term typography ExampleLitigation is term used to refer to the process of filing, defending and standing in upgrade or against a particular sheath of law (Cheeseman 35). Before litigation is conducted, the incase of the booking experiences several(prenominal) processes including initial pleadings, judgments that take place before the trial, dismissal of the case and settlement of the case. Due to so some phases involved in the litigation process, organizations as well as individuals have to spend lump effect of finances and ample amount of metre is wasted in solving the conflict. These proceedings even negatively impact the image of the parties involved in may cause disturbances in day to day zip of the business. Due to these heavy risks associated with discriminatory proceedings, organizations tend to select alternative rules of solving disputes such as bargaining, arbitrament as well as mediation (Cheeseman 43). There ar several differences between the p rocess of conflict resolution through judicial proceedings and ADR. In judicial proceedings, third parties are involved such as the jury to decide whether or non an individual is guilty and worthy of punishment. In case of certain methods of ADR, a third ships company is rarely involved and in certain methods third fellowship involvement even takes place and the third party is a neutral representative and the party slew only participate in facilitation of negotiation. For example in the case of Arbitration, a neutral third party gets involved and is regarded as the arbitrator and is selected by parties involved in the dispute and has the responsibility of listening to the case of both the parties and the decision taken by the arbitrator decides the outcome of the case. When the conciliation dispute settlement method is used, the parties involved do not negotiate with each separate in a administration to face manner. Due to this a conciliator who is mostly neutral in nature is used and he acts as the negotiator from both ends. If dispute resolution is conducted with the assistance of a judicial surgery, heavy amount of time and m iodiny of the parties involved is invested. Before a case reaches the court, it has through go through several stages and referable to this, a case may end up conceding months and in some extreme cases it may even consume years. Alternative dispute resolution systems are much quick as compared to the judicial procedure. Secondly, in case of judicial proceedings, parties have to obtain assistance from attorney and attorneys charge heavy fees to oppose a case and the more time a case takes, the higher is the amount of accumulated fees of the attorney. In case of ADR, the methods used are quite cheap as the parties buns contest against each other or negotiate with each other on their own. The fourth difference between the two procedure is the difference in setting, while court proceedings are conducted in a courtroom which can become quite intimidating for the parties involved, the methods used in ADR mostly take place in one of the partys offices or some conference hall or room. In the case of traditionalistic litigation system, any one of the parties involved can file a law suit and the other party may have to fight against him even if the claims made by one of the parties are not true at all (Lundmark 126). No method of ADR can be used until both the parties are not ready to solve the dispute and negotiate with ea

Religion in Indonesia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

religious sentiment in Indonesia - Essay ExampleThe Indonesian population is estimated to be 88 percentage Muslims, 5.8 percent Protestants, 2.9 percent Catholics, 2 percent Hindus and 0.9 percent Buddhism (Slater, 2004). According to the Indonesian Constitution (McLeod & McIntyre 2007, pp 91) the state is based on belief in One God And,the state guarantees the freedom of all residents to worship according to their own morality and beliefs Although this is written in the constitution, the government does non show as much tolerance, as it acknowledges just quintuplet moralitys Islam, Protestantism, universality, Hinduism, and Buddhism (Gort, Jansen & Vroom, 2004). Religion in Indonesia was considered to be a complicated and unpredictable matter in the beginning of the 1990s. It could non be evaluated without difficulty in terms of social rank, location or race. Even though Islam, Christianity (Roman Catholicism and Protestantism), Hinduism, Buddhism and other religions had a p art in affecting the different parts of life, the Indonesian government did non allow religious parties to play a part in politics. The government assured acceptance of roughly particular religions (agama) which were monotheistic. These religions included Islam, Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism. However, these were only tolerated provided that they did not enter the political bena. Since the mid 1970s the government of Indonesia has officially recognized five religions that are mentioned above. Indonesia happens to be the most heavily populated nation with Muslims, globally (Forshee, 2006) approximately 88 percent of the Indonesians are Muslims (Slater, 2004). In the country, several of the provinces and islands consisted of a majority of the population being Moslem adherents. The range was from more than 50 percent in Kalimantan Bara and Maluku provinces to the degree 97.8 percent in the Special land of Aceh.In Indonesia the two sects of Christianity, Protestantism and Ro man Catholicism, are acknowledged as two separate religions. The Christians in Indonesia are in a minority. Around 5.8 percent of the Indonesians are Protestants while 2.9 percent are Catholics. Then at that place is Hinduism. The certified figure of Hindus in Indonesia is 10m (2007). According to this figure, Indonesia is globally the fourth largest country with Hindus. Just like Islam and Buddhism, Hinduism was in addition very much changed so as to suit the Indonesian culture. Even though the caste organization existed in form, it was not at all strictly put in practice. Mahabharata and the Ramayana were the Hindu religious classics and they were make permanent cultures amongst the Indonesian followers (Forshee, 2006). They expressed it through shadow puppet and dance presentations. Sikhs are preserve as Hindus in Indonesia imputable to the fact that the country does not recognize Sikhism as a religion (Kesavapany, Mani & Ramasamy, 2008). The last of the fifth official religio n is Buddhism which happens to be the second oldest religion in Indonesia. The 1990 national number showed that greater than 1 percent of the Indonesian population follow Buddhism as their religion. Initially Buddhism was a critical doctrine and just slightly related to the paranormal. However, there have now been plenty of changes in it due to politics as well as the individual emotive wish to be protected from the so many fears by a supreme divinity. In several manners, Buddhism is very much distinctive, with every serviceman being responsible for his own person. Any person can perform meditation by himself and does not require any

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Discussion - Essay ExampleActions that argon evil or bad, result from ignorance. Socrates connected knowledge with virtue and linked virtue with happiness. Summing up Socrates philosophy of ethics we conclude that, the wiser man knows the right thing so he does good and thus stays happy.In contrast to Socrates, Aristotle suggested an ethical system termed self-realizationism. Aristotle said, Nature does nothing in vain. Hence, a person must act according to his nature and enhance his hidden talents, so to be happy and satisfied. In his view, a person will do good deeds and be content when he operates in consent with his nature and grasps his full electric potential. When a baby is born, he is a potential person. The innate potential of that child must be realized for him to fuck off a real person. He believed that discontent and irritation are resulted when a person is unable to realize his potential. Moreover, he emphasized that for a person to become virtuous, he had to prac tically do virtuous activities than just simply studying what virtue is.Plato upholds a virtue-based eudemonistic ethics. This nub that human well-being (eudemonia) is the chief aim of moral notion and demeanor. Platos views on an ethics of happiness face rather passive because of his differing perception of happiness. He observes happiness as a state of precision which is in truth hard to realize as it is based on metaphysical conjecture which may seem two obscure and beyond ordinary understanding.As per discussing the consistencies and differences, we generally observe that Socrates and Plato believe in the moral imperative. Socrates and Plato had a higher opinion of Humanity than Aristotle. Plato was more interested in understanding the relationship between the eternal and absolute, and in what is more concise and flows in nature. Socrates sustained that there were fixed rules for right and wrong. He believed in unending, absolute laws as

Topic Summary-Terence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Topic Summary-Terence - see ExampleERP organisations are designed to ensure an organisation can carry out several functions in a simple way that is convenience to the organisation.The choice of ERP as a work information system of study was motivated by the need to understand how organisations can work out their functions using simpler terms effective methods that can guarantee high returns. It is important to understand that the ERP system as used by organisations, enables them to integrate their internal, as well as external information systems into single and comprehensive solutions that fit in their activities and work schedules (Atherton 2012 Shaul & Tauber 2012).Through research in organisations online platforms and journals, I came to an understanding that the ERP strategy for blood line concern includes each the organizations practical systems used in the management of their basic commercial duties that include purchasing, finance, inventory management among many an(pre nominal) separates in their daily life.This made me curious to understand the main intents designed in the ERP tool, actually, its main objective as concerns this research, is to enhance information flow in all an organizations internal functions small-arm at the same time, creating and managing connections to with its external stakeholders.Knowledge is a single tool that is central to the success and tribulation of many large and small enterprises and business organizations. An organisation that has a database of key knowledge is always in a better position to understand market dynamics, customer behavior and other important characteristics of the business environment (Chu & Chiu 2013).The organisation then uses this knowledge to enhance its effectiveness and success in the market, on the other hand an organisation that lacks this knowledge as well as gathering systems fails in its attempts to grow. For this reason, knowledge management is an activity that spurs

History of Race, Sport, and Culture in Modern America Essay

History of Race, Sport, and Culture in Modern America - Essay ExampleThe dilute of racial differences between black and white races has come into special focus with the enormous strides being make in genetic mapping and other scientific protocols that attempt to pinpoint the markers of human biodiversity.One use for these studies in eugenic is determining the reason for the dominance of African Americans in sports. This paper ordain fork out a summary of the studies and issues that deal with the social, cultural and political nuances of genetic racial differences in American sports history.The question used for this paper included online journals, commentaries from sports analysts and articles from the Jon Entine Website. There was also considerable material that gave sixth senses on the various viewpoints for and against the creation of racial differences as a determinant of athletic prowess. The history of football, basketball, baseball, track and field and boxing were inves tigated as it pertained to African Americans, as well as the issues and controversies that attended the progress of African American athletes. Related research that dealt with the social implications of genetics and statistics that illustrated the trends in sports were also included.Jon Entines book released in 2000 entitled Taboo Why dumb Athletes Dominate Sports and Why We Are Afraid to Talk About It has been vilified by equal rights advocates as a thinly veiled attempt to further propagate racism in sports. However, at this point, the historical insight into African American participation in sports as provided in the book and various other sources will be briefly discussed. (Mosley)It is in the US that the stereotype of the dumb jock proliferated in society. In essence, it embodies the thinker that physical prowess is inversely proportionate to intellectual capacity, a popular generalization that is the heart of the strife behind African American athletic ability. (Entine) In European history athletic prowess was considered an extension of countersign, and leaders were often chosen among the most successful fighters and best warriors. However, the 19th century saw the proliferation of shammer sciences in Europe that claimed to quantify intelligence and other human characteristics by measuring the skull and other soundbox parts. (Entine)The work of physician Samuel George Morton, for example, popularized the idea of eugenics and racial differences by using craniometry, or the ranking of racial intelligence based on the typical skull size of a certain race. His collection of 600 skulls was the basis of modern day racism in the US, where Asians and Caucasians are ranked at the top of the craniometrical scale while Africans and indwelling Americans were near the bottom. Many accepted this as incontrovertible truth that races like the Africans and Jews are less civilized, and consequently inferior. (Entine)This began the ranking of racial and ethnic gr oups in which, unremarkably, white Europeans came out as the most superior intellectually and those of African descent were relegated to almost animal-like status. (Entine)The nineteenth century also saw the establishment of racial divergence as a matter of public policy because Europeans did not want interracial mixing in their population. Their basis for discrimination were IQ tests that revealed that those of

Rize-Film Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rize-Film Critique - Essay ExampleThe setting and the personal effects used argon accurate too. The scenes ar moving and the characters express the right emotions when needed. For example, Tommy the Clown adjusts his expressions to make them uproarious for kids. This serves to show the relevance of the film. The social message, the authenticity of the dance moves and the accuracy of the setting make this film a commendable effort. There are several negative aspects of the film. One cares the strip dancing routine. This raises a concern considering that there is a scene where preteen girls and dancers affiliated with strict Christian faith perform it. The fixity and exaggeration of the dance moves could come out to some viewers as unrealistic too. Nevertheless, the negatives of this film are overwhelmed by the appealing views of this film. In conclusion, Rize is a very appealing and energetic film. It elicits high levels of amazement and bear on in the viewer. The film director, David LaChapelle, shows his talent by making a captivating, accurate and a socially relatable film. The characters are instrumental in making the film a success by executing the dance moves strongly and in a synchronized manner. Tommy the Clown serves as the main character and pioneer of the clowning dance, a mixture of break dancing and simulated fighting. He showcases transformation from a convict to a positively influential person on the streets through his unique form of dancing. The dance moves are fast only when very real. This enhances the authenticity of the film.

Globalization and Employment Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

globalisation and Employment Relations - Essay ExampleA peek into their social and political structure from the tooth root of the twentieth century to todays fast paced world and also a study of the supposition of convergence willing help us in making definite conclusions about the subject.Katz evaluates three hypotheses that have been suggested to explain the arch towards decentralized bargaining first gear, shifts in bargaining power from unions to employers second, the emergence of new forms of work organization, which put a premium on flexibility and employee participation and third, the decentralization of corporate structures and diversification of worker preferences. Katz concludes that the second hypothesis is the most convincing, on the grounds that labour and management appear to have gained distinct advantages from work restructuring that constituted decentralization. However, shifts in bargaining power, as well as the diversification of corporate and worker interes ts, are important contributing factors to the decentralization process.Sweden became an industrial society later when compared to most other countries in Europe. At the buy the farm of the 20th century, Sweden was a poor agrarian society with high emigration rate. It is now a comparatively wealthy, welfare-oriented, service society. Sweden has 25% of its civilian workforce employed in industry, only 2.4% are still in agriculture, while 73% are in services, partly as a result of the strong return of local and regional government since the 1960s.Swedish employment relations have long fascinated strange observers. With a total population of 9 million and with 4.4 million in labour force, Sweden is the smallest of the countries in Europe. However, 76% of its women are in the labour force which is the highest female participation rate of any OECD country. Employment relations in Sweden have passed through three broad stages since the nineteenth century. The beginning of the union mov ement was the first stage, which lasted from the 1890s to 1930s.Unions were established during this period and there were disputes between the capitalists and the laborers. The government was either passive or back up the capitalists.The second stage was approximately from mid-1930s to the early 1970s. The Swedish model was established during this period, with a low level of industrial conflict, a solidaristic wage policy, an active labour market policy and labour-management cooperation. An economical policy reliant on economic growth subsumed many of the pay-related problems for the unions and paved way for a pattern of employment relations with few industrial disputes.Emergence of a third stage can be traced to the 1970s. More radical union ambitions, the alternative of a non-socialist government in 1976 severe economic problems, and a strategy based on dispatch enterprise and a market economy, on the employer side, represented significant changes. The 1980 dispute symbolized t hese developments. Wage earner monetary resource were introduced after a bitter conflict, but were not seen as a complete victory by the unions. The wage earner fund system became a political burden for the Social Democratic troupe and did not result in a basic change in Swedens economic system. The employers tried to turnround the trend as much as

Informative speech - continuation career path Essay

edifying speech - continuation career path - Essay ExampleWe have different units for dyeing, woodworking and enveloping. interpreted together these different units house to the overall success of the chore and adding to the bottom-line of the company. We supply furniture to universities, offices and hotels among others on a contract basis. We ensure good quality and reliability in our delivery that ensures repeat business from galore(postnominal) of our clients.To come to my career plans in this business, I want to use my education as an IT major to contribute to the success of the company. I believe that with the use of IT in business, it would be possible to manage inventory and sales and purchases in a better way. To start with, we could have an integrated solution that has the components of sales and finance on with inventory.Each of these components would cater to one particular business area and would be integrated as a whole with the net result that there would be a sys temic approach to the whole design of doing business in total. I want to use my training in IT to design the system and utilize it across the business. Thus, my career path would be that of an entrepreneur who uses his education to the advantage of the familys business.To focus on the likely rewards that may accrue to me, first, I would be happy with the fact that I am service my family along with taking care of the entire business in the future. At another level, it would also mingy that I would be giving back to the country of my nationality from which I have gained substantial benefits and privileges. Taken together, these would shape my motivation in serving my family and country.In monetary terms, I would have the satisfaction of growing the business and ensuring an augmented income stream for me and my family. The flip side of my career plan is that I may not be able to realize my earlier goals of a career in the IT industry. However, I have started taking

Critical Book Review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Critical adjudge Review - Research Paper ExampleHe uses personal experience as the chairman of the council of frugal advisors under the presidency of bill Clinton from the year 1993 and as the chief economist at the World depone from 1997 to make his arguments. During this period, Stiglitz became disenchanted with the International Monetary livestock and other international institutions which he regarded as performing against the interests of the poor developing countries in favor of the developed world. He argues that the economic policies of the International Monetary Fund are based on unsound neoliberal assumptions that are hardly beneficial to the developed economies.The briny precept of the book is that pro-globalization policies have the potential of benefitting any countries if properly undertaken and properly incorporated into the individual characteristics of apiece particular country. Otherwise the objectives of globalization will not be realized as it will only cont inue to serve the interests of the developed world leaving the developing countries lagging behind in all aspects. Globalization should therefore be embraced by all countries on their profess unique terms. These countries should consider their own culture, history, and traditions while embracing globalization in order to ensure that it doesnt work against them. The adoption of severely designed or emulated pro-globalization policies often has the effect of being costly to the concerned countries. The resultant effect is attach in the levels of instability which renders such countries more susceptible to reduced growth, external shocks and increase in the levels of poverty.He goes on to argue that globalization has not been fairly pushed to benefit all because the policies of liberalization were haphazardly implement in the wrong order using inadequate and at times wrong economic principles. The consequences of this as he has pointed out is that terrible results are now being fel t including

The most appropriate organizational culture Article

The most appropriate organizational culture - Article warningWhile before, general knowledge is usu entirelyy taught in order that students can qualify into whatever commercial enterprise becomes available regardless of the field of study pursued, in this modern era they are encouraged to ameliorate their talent, thus the rise of academic courses designed specifically to meet their needs. I belong to the group that started prominent due regard to their particular interest at an early age. In addition, there is the drive to provoke the level of competence and get ahead of the others. The mindset is what I can offer the company that I will choose to cultivate with, and not the other way around. For this reason, I feel comfortable to path part of an organization with a culture that values talent, entrepreneurial activity, and performance over commitment unmatchable that offers large financial rewards and individual recognition. I believe that equal opportunities for career growt h should be presented to all employees, and not much weight on the length of service. The latter is not even a reliable basis of company loyalty. Just because one has been with the company longer than the other, it does not mean he or she can do the job better. A good performance deserves recognition, and I suppose this determines the employees work morale, camaraderie, and dependability. A single performance incites a chain reaction that benefits the team, the management, and the organization as a whole. I do not consider myself a one man show for I too enrapture aiming for the goal next to my colleagues nevertheless, changes are inevitable and opportunities are everywhere.

Critically assess theories of Transaction Cost Economics and Resource Essay

Critically assess theories of motion Cost Economics and Resource Based View in terms of their usefulness in explaining self-coloured - Essay ExampleHowever, in the moderne approach, internationalization only explains the relationships existing between companies (Revilla, Cordeiro and Sarkis, 2011). Transaction personify of economics according to Williamson (1981) explains the price incurred by a buyer or a seller to campaign an economic dealing. It also explains the process via which the firm takes its decision to operate in the open market or in hierarchy. Transaction cost includes aspects of specificity, uncertainty and government mechanisms (Grover and Malhotra, 2003). Asset specificity is the primary explanatory factor of exercise cost theory (Williamson, 2008). Asset specificity refers to the transferability of the assets in furrow. The extent of asset specificity is directly proportional to the level of effectualness of occurrence of an economic exploit. The resource based view explains that the firms may attain sustainable competitive value by using non-substitutable rare resources. And this advantage in turn helps the firms to frame strategies for international business. Figure 1 Transaction Cost in Buisness (Source Stephen, 2013) As shown in the above graph, the rise in the scale of business operations helps a firm to achieve competitive advantage and thereby helps it to turn out the cost the transaction cost of business. Thus competitive advantage facilitates internationalization of firms business by reducing their business operate costs. Application of the Theories The theories of transaction cost down the stairs the resource based view helps to justify the wide approach pattern of internationalization in the modern world. In the last 30 years in the global economy, firms with deep financial resources have turned into Multinational Corporations that undertook the process of foreign direct investment in business. These firms flourish their competitive advantage by efficiently allocating resources in business and thereby reducing the cost of transaction. This has been facilitated aft(prenominal) the emergence of globalization and liberalization in the world economy. The business firms in the modern world shew to use unique resources in business to attain competitive advantage and thereby reduce the cost of any business transactions. These firms appoint the resources on the basis of VRIN analysis. The resources used by these companies are valuable, rare, non imitable and non-substitutable in nature. flunk of the Theory However, there have been several impuissancees in the theory of transaction cost of economics under the resource based view. In reality, it becomes almost impossible to find a resource that suffices the conditions of Barneys VRIN analysis. It is also believed by analysts that resource that provided competitive advantage to a firm may be converted into a weakness if a sudden unfavourable change i n the environment takes place. A resource cannot provide competitive advantage as that can easily be purchased by other companies. The concept of sustainability is highly various in nature. Today, the firms can only enjoy sustainable competitive advantage if its rivals in the industry do not imitate their competences. Alternative Perspectives According to the theory of transaction cost of resource based view, the modern business firms try to attain competitive advantage in their business activities in order to reduce the cost

Construction management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

wrench management - Assignment ExampleOne of the considerations that was taken with respect to this particular project concerns the dangers and potential hazards of deconstructing the previous(a) line of products. Although full safety inspections will of course be conducted prior to any activity of actual deconstruction being engaged, it is not unlikely that a potential hazard might be engaged and redundant time and/or personnel required in order to de-construct the existing pipeline in and ineffective, efficient, and environmentally sustainable manner (Maddox-Abbott & Laskowski, M 2014). As a means of countering this particular risk, the project has been divided into deuce distinct levels. The first phase is with respect to those areas that are not densely populated. Similarly, the second phase is dependant on(p) upon those regions that are densely populated. As such, rather than dividing the project based upon the actual geographic area of pipeline replacement within these t wo geographic spheres, a risk management approach has indicated that a disproportionate amount of time must be provided for contingencies or eventualities within the densely populated region of tee shirt Island. Even though it is true that the total geographic area of pipeline replacement that is encompassed within these areas is a minute fraction of the overall project scope, fully 30% of all available time for this phase of the project has been devoted towards these regions to counter any contingencies that might arise. Some of the contingencies that were considered with respect to these urban areas were concentric upon damage infrastructure, potential leaks, and other issues arising from the physical deconstruction of the existing and old pipeline infrastructure (Golob et al, 2013).Another relevant risk that was considered and planned for accordingly has to do with issues pertaining to shipment. As was noted within the initial project proposal, at that place are no factories o n Jersey Island that are capable of producing the type of infrastructure that