Free Waste Land Essays: Underlying Myths in The Waste Land :: T.S. Eliot Waste Land Essays

Underlying Myths in The Waste Land The underlying myths that Eliot uses to provide a framework for "The Waste Land" are those of the Fisher King and the Grail Quest. Both of these myths come to Christian civilization through the ancient Gaelic tradition. Neither is found in the Bible, but both were important enough to Europeans that there was a need to incorporate them into the new European mythology, and so the stories became centered on the story of the death and resurrection of Jesus. Other examples of these myths can be found in Eschenbach's Parsifal, in de Troyes' Quest of the Grail, and in the various stories of the grail quest surrounding King Arthur and his knights. It is described in works of anthropology, as well, two of which Eliot recommends to readers: Jessie L. Weston's From Ritual to Romance and Sir James Frazier's Golden Bough. In the Fisher King stories, a journeyer comes to a barren land and discovers a wounded king whose wound has caused the land to become sterile. In some cases, the wounding of the king was sexual in nature. Because these ancient peoples believed that the king and the land were united as one and that they reflected on each other, it was necessary to heal the king in order to heal the land. The journeyer then needs to undertake a quest (which fits the archetypal hero's journey pattern) to heal the wounded king and, through him, the land. In the Grail legends, which are frequently intertwined with the Fisher King legends, a questor searches throughout the land for the Holy Grail, undergoing tests of purity, his character, and his dedication to the quest on the way. The nature of the Grail differs from one account to another: It is sometimes thought of as a cup which caught the blood of Christ when he was pierced by a spear while hanging on the cross (which may be derived from the Celtic l egends describing the Grail as a cauldron of rebirth which allowed resurrection to warriors killed in battle but did not allow them to speak of the experience of rebirth -- a pattern into which the story of Lazarus roughly falls), and it is sometimes thought to be a stone (in Eschenbach's Parsifal, the Grail is described as a gem struck from the crown of Lucifer when he was ejected from Heaven).

“The Rocking Horse Winner” Analysis

â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner† presents a middles class family whose parents are consumed by materialism, the consequences of which affect the children, especially the protagonist, Paul. Third person omniscient point of view allows for; Paul’s feelings and development, the mother’s selfishness and detachment from other people, and the uncle’s greed off of Paul’s gambling to be portrayed. The thoughts and motives of each character are told through that point of view. The supernatural and fairytale-like mood enhances the effect of Paul’s story by making it so much more believable and keeps the story entertaining.The thirst for wealth and greed can never be satisfied and is conveyed through symbolism and allusion throughout the story. The personification of the house as a seething and greedy character portrays the mother by repeating, â€Å"There must be more money! †(312). Any amount of money is never satisfying to her. Since the mother doesn’t voice her need for money, the house does. Around Christmas time and when Paul gives his mother a thousand pounds each month the whispers from the house become louder and more prominent to Paul. He covers his ears with his hands to soften the cries of the house and wants it to stop.The whispers are continuous, significant of the mother’s greed and how it can never be satisfied, and Paul’s cry for her love. The rocking horse symbolizes the innocence of childhood by being a toy representing the happiness and carefree essence of children’s lives. Because the story is written like a fairytale, it’s believable that the horse gives Paul magical powers. Which easily makes it, â€Å"Paul’s secret of secrets† (322) by helping him pursue money and material gain to win his mother’s love, and reflects how he will do anything for her.The nameless horse makes him think that he is going somewhere but he’s not. It emphasizes his attitude about his mission by the description of how he frantically rides it. Racing affects Paul because he becomes completely consumed by it. His need for money keeps growing, like his mother, so he relies on gambling. The ancient meaning of wage is to stake oneself as security, one would pledge his life on the outcome of a duel or battle, which Paul becomes. Literally, Paul is putting wagers on horses and which one will win the race, but figuratively he is sacrificing himself for love and becomes the bet.Because he loves his mother so, he dies for her happiness and love. Irony is shown here because instead of him losing money he loses his life. Paul makes a deal with the devil so he can be lucky and gain money so he can receive his mother’s love and make her happy, but his mother and uncle both used him in the end. Uncle Oscar’s words to Paul’s mother were, â€Å"My God Hester, you’re eighty-thousand to the good, and a poor devil of a son to the bad. But poor devil, poor devil, he’s best gone out of a life where he rides his rocking-horse to find a winner† (325).Those words show the pact Paul made with the devil and how the uncle used Paul for his own greed and selfishness. Paul reacted to his mother by trying to please her and make her happy. The tragedy is that when his mother ultimately loves Paul it is too late and Paul dies. It is also ironic that he spent his whole life trying to gain her love but as his life comes to an end he ultimately gets his goal achieved. Paul’s mother is a symbol of the upper class because she has servants, a big house, and can spend money on toys at Christmas time for her children.She’s in debt but would rather get more materialistic things than pay off her debt. Because she wanted wealth and materialistic things she neglected her children which abused them mentally. She thought that appearance was more important than what’s real. Her children never knew that the y were in need for money if the house hadn’t whispered. She made people believe that she loved her children very much when she really just put on an act. She didn’t teach very good values to her children. Paul’s mother married for love, and love did not bring her happiness like money did.It is ironic how the mother thinks that she is unlucky when she is beautiful, has children she wants to please, married for love, and has artistic talents. She is the poorest and most unlucky in her family in her mind, but is the richest and luckiest because of her family. The supernatural elements combing Paul’s clairvoyance and symbols and allusion conveyed the theme of social criticism by showing how determined he was to get his mother’s love by give her money which she uses to get materialistic things to maintain her social position.A society that promotes materialism at the expense of humanity is very selfish and wrong. It shows how big of an impact peopleâ₠¬â„¢s judgments on someone’s financial situation can have on that individual. It can consume a person and make them forget about others and reality. Paul’s situation is tragic because materialism gets one nowhere. Because his mother lost something more important than her materialist needs – love, she is left with nothing.

IT Enters a New Learning Environment Essay

It is most helpful to see useful models of school learning that is ideal to achieving instructional goals through preferred application of educational technology. These are the models of Meaningful Learning, Discovery learning, Generative Learning and Constructivism. Meaningful Learning If the traditional learning environment gives stress focus to rote learning and simple memorization, meaningful learning gives focus to new experience departs from that is related to what the learners already knows. New experience departs from the learning of a sequence of words but attention to meaning. It assumes that: ââ€"  Students already have some knowledge that is relevant to new learning. ââ€"  Students are wiling to perform class work to find connections between what they already know and what they can learn. In the learning process, the learner is encouraged to recognize relevant personal experiences. A reward structure is set so that the learner will have both interest and confidence, and this incentive system sets a positive environment to learning. Facts that are subsequently assimilated are subjected to the learner’s understanding and application. In the classroom, hands-on activities are introduced so as to simulate learning in everyday living. Discovery Learning Discovery learning is differentiated from reception learning in which ideas are presented directly to student in a well-organized way, such as through a detailed set of instructions to complete an experiment task. To make a contrast, in discovery learning student from tasks to uncover what is to be learned. New ideas and new decision are generated in the learning process, regardless of the need to move on and depart from organized setoff activities previously set. In discovery learning, it is important that the student become personally engaged and not subjected by the teacher to procedures he/she is not allowed to depart from. In applying technology, the computer can present a tutorial process by which the learner is presented key concept and the rules of learning in a direct manner for receptive learning. But the computer has other uses rather than delivering tutorials. In a computer simulation process, for example, the learner himself is made to identify key concept by interacting with a responsive virtual environment. Generative Learning In generative learning, we have active learners who attend to learning events and generate meaning from this experience and draw inferences thereby creating a personal model or explanation to the new experience in the context of existing knowledge. Generative learning is viewed as different from the simple process of storing information. Motivation and responsibility are seen to be crucial to this domain of learning. The area of language comprehension offers examples of this type of generative learning activities, such as in writing paragraph summaries, developing answers and questions, drawing pictures, creating paragraph titles, organizing ideas/concepts, and others. In sum, generative learning gives emphasis to what can be done with pieces of information, not only on access to them. Constructivism In constructivism, the learner builds a personal understanding through appropriate learning activities and a good learning environment. The most accepted principles constructivism’s are: ââ€"  Learning consists in what a person can actively assemble for himself and not what he can receive passively. ââ€"  the role of learning is to help the individual live/adapt to his personal world. These two principles in turn lead to three practical implications: ââ€"  the learner is directly responsible for learning. He creates personal understanding and transforms information into knowledge. The teacher plays an indirect role by modeling effective learning, assisting, facilitating and encouraging learners. ââ€"  the context of meaningful learning consists in the learner â€Å"connecting† his school activity with real life. ââ€"  the purpose of education is the acquisition of practical and personal knowledge, not abstract or universal truths. To review, there are common t hemes to these four learning domains. They are given below: Learners ââ€"  are active, purposeful learners. ââ€"  set personal goals and strategies to achieve these goals. ââ€"  make their learning experience meaningful and relevant to their lives. ââ€"  seek to build an understanding of their personal worlds so they can work/live productively. ââ€"  build on what they already know in order to interpret and respond to new experiences. LB#6: IT Enters a New Learning Environment. Effective teachers best interact with students in innovative learning activities, while integrating technology to the teaching-learning process. In Meaningful learning * Students already have some knowledge that is relevant to new learning * Students are willing to perform class work to find connections between what they already know and what they can learn. In Discovery learning Ideas are presented directly to students in a well-organized way, such as through a detailed set of instructions to complete an experiment or task. In applying technology, the computer can preset a tutorial process by which the learner is presented key concepts and the rules of learning in a direct manner for receptive learning. In Generative Learning Active learners who attend to learning events and generate meaning from this experience and draw inferences thereby creating a personal model or explanation to the new experience in the context of existing knowledge.Motivation and responsibility are seen to be crucial to this domain of learning. In Constructivism The learner builders a personal understanding through appropriate learning activities and a good learning environment. Learners: are active, purposeful learners. Set personal goals and strategies to achieve these goals. Make their learning experience meaningful and relevant to their lives. Seek to build an understanding of their personal worlds so they can work/live productively. Build on what they already know in order to interpret and respond to new experiences.

Lean System Essay

Lean is a philosophy of manufacturing that emphasizes the minimization of the amount of all resources (including time) used in operations of the company. Operations processes are considered to be Lean when they are very efficient and have few wasted resources. The elimination of WASTE is actually the defining principle of Lean. By eliminating waste of all sorts in the system, the lean approach lowers labour, materials, and energy costs of production. Lean also emphasizes building exactly the products customers want, exactly when they need them. When lean capabilities are introduced in a firm, it can produce smaller quantities, and it can change outputs more quickly in response to changes in customer demand. The primary objectives of Lean systems are to: 1. Produce only the products that customers want. 2. Produce products only as quickly as customers want them. 3. Produce products with perfect quality. 4. Produce in the minimum possible lead-times. 5. Produce products with features that customers want, and no others. 6. Produce with no waste of labour, materials or equipment. 7. Produce with methods that reinforce the occupational development of works. Eliminate Waste Waste is anything that does not add value from the customer point of view. Storage, inspection, delay, waiting in queues, and defective products do not add value and are 100% waste. Seven Wastes: Overproduction, Queues, Transportation, Inventory, Motion, Over-processing and Defective products. Other resources such as energy, water, and air are often wasted. Efficient, sustainable production minimizes inputs, reduces waste. Traditional â€Å"housekeeping† has been expanded to the 7 Ss. Sort – when in doubt, throw it out. Simplify– methods analysis tools. Shine/sweep – clean daily. Standardize – remove variations from processes. Sustain – review work and recognize progress. Safety – build in good practices. Support/maintenance – reduce variability and unplanned downtime. There are four building blocks that contribute to the building of a lean system. When these elements are focused in the areas of cost, quality and  delivery, this forms the basis for a lean production system. They are: 1. Product design 2. Process design 3. Personnel/organizational elements 4. Manufacturing planning and control Product design : Each process is crucial and contributes to an effective lean system. Product design consists of standard parts (workers have fewer parts to deal with), modular design (an extension of standard parts, they are separate parts clustered together and treated as one unit), highly capable production systems with quality built in ( JIT requires highly capable production systems), and concurrent engineering (keeping engineering practices shouldn’t change to avoid disruptions).The fact that customers have unique needs makes it necessary for the producer in the manufacturing sector or the service sector to create products and services that contributes uniquely to the final customer’s requirements. All design activities have performance objectives that are important to all designs. These objectives are: A design should be of high quality; it should be produced quickly, on a dependent basis, flexibility and at a low cost. The three broad design categories, 1) the feasibility of the design, 2) the acceptability of the design, and 3) the vulnerability of each design option. Concurrent engineering-describes the process of collective product design by all affected functions in the organisation. Quality function deployment – is a planning tool used to fulfil customer expectations through a disciplined approach to product design engineering and production. Process Design: consists of small lot sizes (optimal one unit), setup time reductions, and manufacturing cells (specialized and efficient production centres, quality improvement, production flexibility, a balanced system (distributing workload evenly among the workstations), little inventory storage, and fail safe methods (incorporate ways to reduce or eliminate the potential for errors during the process). Lean systems have an extremely effective production method. Schedules must be communicated inside and outside the organization and Better sched uling improves performance and also Increases flexibility. Personnel/organizational: elements includes workers  as assets ( A JIT philosophy), Cross-trained workers (perform several parts of the process and operate several machines), cost accounting, and leadership/project management( a two-way communication process between managers and workers). Manufacturing planning and control: The last building block is manufacturing planning and control. It includes level loading,(achieving stable, level daily mix schedules) pull systems (work moves on in response to demand from the next stage in the process), visual systems (A kanban card used as authorization to move or work on parts), limited work-in-process, close vendor relationships, reduced transaction processing(logistical, balancing, quality, or change transactions), preventive maintenance and housekeeping(keeping the workplace clean and free of unneeded material. Improve employee communication. Identifying problems and driving out waste reduces costs and variability and improves throughput. Lean systems require managers to reduce variability caused by both internal and external factors. By pulling material in small lots, inventory cushions are removed; exposing problems and emphasizing continual improvement. Example Lean operations began as lean manufacturing which was developed by the automobile manufacturer, Toyota. Toyota was sensitive to waste and inefficiency issues. The goal was to eliminate all waste from the process. Waste was identified by them as anything that interfered with the process or simply did not add value. Companies began adopting the lean approach and to do so realized that they had to do major changes in their organization and with their culture in the organization. Lean methods have demand-based operations, flexible operations with rapid changeover capability, effective worker behaviors, and continuous improvement efforts. JIT system stands for a Just-In-Time system. It represents the philosophy that includes every aspect of the process from the design to after the sale. JIT is a highly coordinated processing system in which goods move through the system, and services are performed just as they are needed. First, management should decide if JIT is a compatible method for the company. JIT is best used with companies that have repetitive operations and a stable demand. The first step is planning the conversion to JIT. Managers need to  be involved in the process and understand the commitment needed. The next step is to begin working only with suppliers who support the JIT system. The biggest obstacles faced are management, worker or supplier disapproval, and also changing the culture of the company. Inventory is at the minimum level necessary to keep operations running. JIT Inventory Tactics: Use a pull system to move inventory; Reduce lot sizes; Develop just-in-time delivery systems with suppliers; Deliver directly to point of use; Perform to schedule; Reduce setup time; Use group technology. Different from JIT in that it is externally focused on the customer: Starts with understanding what the customer wants: Optimize the entire process from the customer’s perspective. The main benefits of lean operations systems are: 1. Reduced cost through reduced inventory levels 2. Higher quality 3. Reduced lead time 4. Increased productivity 5. Reduced amounts of waste Inventories should never be used as the solution to fix machine malfunctions. One method that JIT systems uses to minimize inventory is to have suppliers deliver goods directly to the production floor. Overall, carrying low inventories offers many benefits such as less carrying cost, less space needed, and less rework to complete in case of a product recall. Lean systems can also be referred to as â€Å"just-in-time† (JIT) systems. The object of a lean system is to create a system that is demand driven, and provides supply based on demand at any given point. Lean systems tend to concentrate on waste reduction and have continuous improvement.

Human Resource Management - Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Resource Management - Portfolio - Essay Example Finally based on the analysis and findings from the study a conclusion will be drawn. There are several definitions of recruitment exist. Eminent scholars such as Andrews defined recruitment as the process of discovering prospective talents for a particular job (Andrews, 1988, p.94). In simple words recruitment can be also portrayed as a method by which potential applicants are attracted for some kind of jobs in the organization. The process of recruitment is generally divided into two type namely formal recruitment process and informal recruitment process. However the process to be adopted for the purpose of recruitment varies from one company to the other. A number of scholars believe that employees are the central part of an organization as without the human resource, functioning of the organization will become literally impossible. A number of scholars around the world has researched in this subject and portrayed their views. Hence it is expected that large amount of literature regarding the recruitment process will be found. According to Randhawa (2007) recruitment is a process of searching the prospective candidates and inspiring them to apply for the employment in the organization. It can be also referred to as the method by which organization generates a pool of educated and eligible applicants. Hence from the author’s point of view recruitment is simply searching for potential employees for a particular job. Whether an organization follows informal or formal recruitment process, it should have a well defined recruitment policy. Similarly regarding the recruitment process, Bohlander and Snell (2007) stated that the sources of recruiting a candidate can be classified into formal and informal sources. The informal recruitment process is about recruiting the employees with the help of existing employee referral. On the other hand formal sources of recruitment can be illustrated as the process of recruitment

Teaching Tips Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Teaching Tips - Essay Example The questioning procedure makes the teacher aware of the understanding of the students. This helps the students to correct the mistakes and to make them understand the essence of the lesson better. (Academic feedback, n.d.,p 2). The activities of the students get monotonous if they are taught the same lessons. Asking questions and assigning them activities will help to break the monotonous routine of the students. (Teaching tip 18: Pacing, n.d.). If the questions are scientific, they arouse a certain level of interest among the students. If the students get interested in their studies, they understand the subject better. The frequency of the right answers in questions also helps the teachers to make an estimate of student understanding. If the right answers form a high percentage it has to be inferred that the students have understood the subject. (Academic feedback, n.d, p 3). Students should understand the lessons imparted by the teachers. It is essential for the teachers to ensure learner understanding for providing the right feedbacks. It is essential; therefore, that the students should understand the subject before the teachers can gauge them. Thus, it is very important for teachers to probe for learner understanding before giving feedbacks. (Teaching tip 18: Pacing, n.d.) Follow-up Questions are another important tool by which the progress of the students can be measured. The follow-up questions impart the need for reteaching the lessons if any. If a scientific approach is used in follow-up questions, a correct feedback about the students can be garnered.  

Healthcare Business & Financing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthcare Business & Financing - Essay Example Various empirical studies that have done over the past by the researchers to prove that there is a relationship between social, economic status and heath results. For example, a group of researchers of Internal medicine carried out research to determine whether there is a correlation between socioeconomic status and results for patients with a heart attack. The research discovered that poor patients who have been with a heart attack perform worse as compared to patients from the rich families. The argument may be by the fact that the poorest patient tend to undergo via extreme stress because they cannot meet their medical expenses as compared to the rich patients. Further, the study discovered those poor patients diagnosed with a heart attack were found to die early as compared to the rich. The reason for early death is due to the social, economic status. It was observed that patients from power social and economic background could not afford quality health care due to their low inco mes. In addition, patients from the poor background are unable to adapt/change their lifestyle as compared to the rich. The discussion indicates that there is a relationship between socioeconomic status and health outcomes (Alter et al., 2006). In America, health care is a privilege but not a right. Americans believe in conservatism; every individual should be able to cater for their needs including health care. The federal government has a role of empowering its citizens so that they can take care of their needs. The US constitution does not provide health care as a right. The Americans have been paying their medical bills without relying for the government to pay their medical bills. It is imperative to note that there is various reimbursement methods in healthcare system used to pay medical bills and include; billed, historical, specific service charge, bundle charge and capitulated reimbursement