Automated Services Essay Example for Free

alter improvements Essay instruction and counsellingor System is the most sarcastic discipline office in many institutions such as the education sectors. Schools, Colleges, and Universities are depending on the counsel authorization to guide students to secure their welfare mentally and academically. savants that are carefully guided by the office until they graduated are most likely to be successful in their professional careers.Guidance and Counseling System is composed of many services that help the student cope in their school life particularly in College life which is the transition of puberty and adolescence. Students puzzle it hard during college to express themselves and make important decisions regarding their career. So the Guidance and Counseling state of affairs leave enable them to make wise decision by offering them Guidance Services essential functions.In UPH-DJGTMU, the Guidance and Counseling Office is using manual strategy, thats why their service s is not that efficient. The Automated Services of Guidance and Counseling Office leave behind enable their services be more(prenominal) available to students.Project ContextUPH-DJGTMU Guidance and Counseling Office has a hard time attending to their offered services because it doesnt have an modify Guidance System. And because of that, student is not serve completely, its services is not implemented well because of manual system of rules of doing task such as updating particular records, inventory of student records, scheduling student counseling, updating career information, proposing seminars and signalations, discussion student complaints, issuing a parents meeting with the counselor, making contact with outside companies for the student tracing program after they graduate and early(a)(a) important services. Those tasks are sometimes not well handled because the office has limited personnel.Since the Guidance and Counseling Office is lacking of manpower, it is understood that all services and task of the Office female genital organnot put up out smoothly. Thats why our group decided to propose an Automated Guidance System which we called Automated Services of UPH-DJGTMU Guidance and Counseling Office.Purpose and commentThis system will enable the Guidance personnels to keep their student service systematic. The Inventory Service will keep records of the student radical information. The Information Service will orient the students particularly the freshmens on how to choose their career by showing the possible job opportunities of their offered courses.The Counseling Service will keep track of the students counseling record and to help them win mental and academic problems in college life. The Follow-up Service shall assist the students in situating themselves on finding the most appropriate job after they graduate.The Placement Service includes a Virtual Tour that shows the Deans Office of the Medical University and other important offices. Ref erral Service shall recommend students into a more specialized person regarding their mental case problem.The Seminar interrogative will keep track of the seminars and orientations of the Guidance Office that has been executed on Medical University. It allows seminar evaluation to recognize the importance of a seminar. The Letter Information stores all the letters made to stored records and review for future use. The Student Teacher Welfare Section will help the both party to express their complains and do further actions regarding the issue.All references and records are kept confidential because the system is password protected and can the password can be modified from time to time.Objectivesa. General ObjectiveTo develop a system for the automation of the Guidance Services that can help them serve students with the highest quality.b. Specific Objectives* To automate Student Profile Records for faster indexing. * To update orientation and seminars simultaneously by the help of s urveys. * To orient the students particularly the freshmens on how to choose their career by showing the possible job opportunities of their offered courses. * To keep track of the students counseling record.* To recommend students into a more specialized person regarding their mental case problem. * To record and evaluate seminars * To enable Virtual Tour on the Medical Building Deans Offices and other important Office. * To record student-teacher complains and make actions to solve conflicts between student and professors. * To allow the Graduate Students to register into the Graduate Tracer Study which will enable them to find suitable job according to their respective course.Scope and limitationsThe proposed system was designed and developed to provide UPH-DJGTMU the most effective tool to innovate their current Guidance System. This system is composing of the following features* Inventory Service* Information Service* Counseling Service* Placement Service* Follow-up Service* Re ferral Service* Seminar Inquiry* Letter Information* Student-Teacher Welfare SectionIt limits the exploiter only to Guidance Personnels and not made to be used by students.Benefits and ImpactsThe system was made to serve the students of UPH-DJGTMU by helping them thru the Guidance Services what will make huge change on the services done on manual system. To produce academically and mentally molded students is the goal of the automation.In this study, the target beneficiaries are students.The system will offer them systematic counselor services which will guide them throughout college life, they will be given the opportunity to enhance their abilities and talents by seminars, the system will also guide the student to the right highway of choosing career the right course when they enroll. The system will also enhance the student-teacher relations in school, this will lessen the conflict issues between other faculties and students.The automated system will also refer students to out side institutions regarding mental issues to help them cope up with mental problems. The system also has company affiliation so when they graduate, the Guidance Office will also help them find a suitable job fit in their talents and capabilities.Definition of scatheTechnical Terms1. System it is any gathering of components elements that work together to perform a task and it is used in a variety of context. 2. Evaluation act of considering or examining something on order to judge its condition 3. Hard disk A permanently installed, continuously spinning magnetic storage medium made up of one or more rigid disk platters. 4. Memory The memory area in which all programs and data must reside before programs can be executed or data manipu modernd.Non-Technical Terms1. Field The smallest logical unit of data. Ex are employee number, first name and price. 2. Record A collection of related fields (such as an employee record) describing an event or an item. 3. Password A word or phra se known only to the end user. When entered, it permits the end user to gain access to the system. 4. Record A collection of related fields (such as an employee record) describing an event or an item.Acronyms1. RAD Rapid Access Development2. JAD conjugation Application DevelopmentChapter IIREVIEW OF RELATED CONCEPTUAL LITERATURE / SYSTEMSThe concept of developmental guidance was born early in the 20th century. From its stemma through the 1950s, the focal point of guidance in a school setting was vocational education and training. Heavily influenced by the industrial revolution and realism war, the concern of counselors and teachers alike was to prepare students for life after high school. From a guidance perspective specifically, that meant steering students to careers that best fit their abilities and goals. By the 1950s, developmental guidance had grown to incorporate the molding of student attitudes and behaviors. More emphasis was placed on the mental health and emotional well existence of children. (Muro Kottman, 1995)By the late 1960s, the role of the school counselor began to take its current shape. In its contemporary state, guidance has grown to include counseling, planning, placement, referral, and consultation Schmidt, 1993). At the same time, guidance at the elementary school was being developed and implemented. Along with the development of elementary guidance came the emphasis on prevention, intervention, and coordination (Muro Kottman, 1995). As the field of developmental guidance has grown, so have the emphasis educators have placed on coordination and cooperation. In a well functioning school environment, cooperation existsbetween all school staff members. For a omnibus(prenominal) guidance program to flourish, cooperation between school counselors and teachers is paramount.According to Nugent (1990), next to counselors, teachers are the most important component in implementing a successful comprehensive guidance program. By and larg e, teachers are the key adult figure in the average pupils school day. They are the most influential figures, be it positive or negative, to the average student. This is particularly true at the elementary level, where children spend the majority of their day in one classroom.School counselors and teachers have co-existed in the school setting for quite some time. One would assume that over that period of time both professions would come to understand and accept one another. some(prenominal) research suggests otherwise. According to Myrick (2003), some teachers hold misconceptions about the role and function of counselors. Counselors are sometimes reviewed as administrative assistants who have little time to counsel students.Fueling the misconception is the fact that some teachers distrust counselors, due to their apparent alignment with administration. These teachers are wary of counselors observing students in their classrooms. They worry that their teaching methods are being eva luated as if counselors work as the eyes and ears of the administration. Teachers who are uncooperative and unsupportive have criticized developmental guidance in general. These teachers believe that counselors have little, if any, impact on student behaviors or student performance.They do not like students from their classrooms working with counselors. They may even refuse to send their students to the guidance office. The refusal is based on the intuitive feeling that counselors really do not help, and sending students to the guidance office during class time is a waste of time that only penalizes the student. Still other teachers will send their students to see the counselor, but only during student recess (Muro Kottman, 1995).

George and Lennie Essay Example for Free

George and Lennie EssayThe title of the book comes from a poem by the 18th ampere-second Scottish poet Robert Burns. Of Mice and Men is a novel written by John Steinbeck. It is set in California in 1930s during the time of the depression. During this time of depression, muckle lived in poverty, finding it difficult to gain employment and often had to search ranch to ranch for employment. At this time people were inspired and motivated by the American dream a dream of a land in which life should be better and richer. This, however was nothing but a lost dream.They went on to search for a job, which would fullfill, their dreams. In Of Mice and Men we know that there are characters that wee a dream. A dream that they are really work hard for and there are characters whose dreams are already taken away from them. I think John Steinbeck wrote this so he can provide the referee with a historical and social viewpoint and background of life in the 1930s. An outsider is someone who does not fit in to the mainstream of Society. In this essay I will write about Candy, the oldest person on thefarm. Crooks, the crippled Negro and Cuerlys wife, the only women in the book, who did not even get a physique. I have chosen them because they dont fit in with the other characters. In the 1930s Curleys Wife represents people who were ignored and suffered from loneliness. First of all John Steinbeck does not reveal the name of Curleys Wife as he thinks she is not important which makes me think that she has no other part to play other than being Curleys Wife. Curlys Wife is stuck on a farm when she thinks she should be in Hollywood.

Investment of Mutual Funds in Pakistan

Investment of plebeian entrepots in PakistanChapter 1 Introduction1.1 Introduction1.2 Purpose of the Study1.3 explore neutral1.4 Research Methodology1.5 Data Sources1.INTRODUCTION1.1 IntroductionMutual finances substructure play a signifi apprizet role in the growth of an prudence of any coun provide. Mutual bullion be a preferred enthronization destination for any individual/ organization as the parentage houses offer non only the expertise in managing gold but also a host of other services.Not too some years ago, uncouth notes were simply broad-based investment instruments created to simplify the details involved in invest in separate securities. Mutual livestocks also provided a greater invoice of safety through broad diversification and the kind of top notch professional prudence that is generally out of reach for the small share pallbearer.Today, however, vulgar bullion are well specialized and present almost limitless diversity. The types of usual farm ani mal portfolios for sale run the range from conservative to aggressive, from stocks to bonds, from domestic to international portfolios, from rateable to tax-free, and from virtually no-risk property food market pecuniary resource to high-risk options funds (Jacobs, 2001).If we come across at shared fund market of a developed country, we can see that their investment in the common fund labor is higher as compared to their bank deposit base, which shows the potential of growth of common funds industry in Pakistan. This comparison with other countrys As touch on solicitude Companies ( vulgar funds) indicates that Pakistans summation Management companies are not playing the role that it should play. This gives rise to many questions in ones mind. For sheath Why are the Pakistans summation Management Companies not doing well and Why Pakistans Asset Management Companies are not that much competent?The reason is that common funds industry in Pakistan is still in its immature stage and investment options are limited to only equity, government security funds, fixed income and capital market Funds. With the maturity in the industry and by the passage of meter, the investors whitethorn have the options to diversify investments into commodities, real estate and other routes. Today, the greatest challenge confront by the Asset Management Companies is the lack of awareness about the Mutual Fund products by general public.Lack of awareness by the individuals for mutual funds is a dilemma. The reason is that people dont think out of the box. They dont go for any other avenue to keep or save property except banks and on the other hand banks invest in divergent avenues such as mutual funds, TFCs, stocks, Government bonds, treasury bills etc. So the question arise that wherefore do the individuals always invest their bills in banks why do they dont want to invest other than a bank like in mutual funds. place in mutual funds can give them get out returns as compared to the banks. The reason is that the individuals are unaware of the better returns, benefits and security they can enchant by investing in mutual funds. So far, mutual funds have failed in bringing awareness to the individuals. Due to unawareness individuals hesitate in investing in mutual funds. Individuals should be given awareness about the functions that mutual funds perform. Mutual funds process can be better understood in a form of a cycle which is presented to a lower placeIn 2008 before recession the Asset Management Companies were doing well, they were building individuals confidence for investing in mutual funds by making individuals aware of Mutual Funds and its benefits a want with the higher profitability margins it offers. But recession and the regulators for Asset Management Companies took them to the initial stage again where people were not much confident about investing in mutual funds because giving ones hard make notes into someone elses hands requi res utmost faith and a sense of trust.1.2 Purpose of the StudyTo highlight those points which are creating invalidating impact on investor this creates equivocalness when the investor wants to invest in mutual funds.To identify the causes due to which the current market of mutual funds is not growing.To illustrate the basic distinctiveness in direct demeanors, management and research re beginnings between ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANIES other Investment Companies.To highlight peoples preference of the Asset Management Company while investing in mutual funds.1.3 Research ObjectivesThe paper in detail contains the notional framework supporting the research targets. The secondary data is useful in explaining the research objectives and the main(a) data is also importance as it gives the picture to explain the dilemma in the mutual funds industry.1.4 Research MethodologyThe secondary and primary source of data was used in this research, visits of different websites specially the websi te of MUFAP helped in a great manner to stream caudex of research work, however few individuals whom we met and ask variance sort of questions for the research gave us valuable information about the past and present situation. The different sources of by which we ga in that locationd the data are listed below,1.5 Data SourcesThe coveted data is collected from the undermentioned sourcesKarachi hackneyed ExchangeAsset management companiesAnnual ReportsAsset Management cantsSecurity Exchange Commission of PakistanState Bank of PakistanChapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Introduction2.2 Mutual Funds Industry2.3 Why mutual Funds?2.LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 IntroductionChapter 2 focuses on the theoretical approach of mutual funds industries. In the literature review a comprehensive discussion will be performed on the working of mutual fund industries, the types and categories of mutual fund industries and the dilemma that mutual fund industries are facing. The chapter also studies that how inv esting in mutual funds is better or more honest than investing in any other avenue, the factors that differentiate mutual fund industries with other financial Intermediaries and the mutual funds cycle.2.2 Mutual Funds IndustryThe mutual funds industry is a secure and better way of investing money. The conventional style of saving money is by keeping them in banks. However, the lessen bank rates are even lower than that of the rate of pretension and so it may not be a actually good choice. The undermentioned option could be putting the money in the market but this requires a great deal of knowledge. Investing money through mutual funds is trouble-free and good for small ventures.A mutual fund is a financial institution that allows a conclave of investors to pool their money together with a predetermined investment objective. The mutual funds have specialized fund autobuss who are responsible for investing the pooled money into specific kind of securities (usually equity or fix ed income securities). The manager uses the money to buy bonds, stocks or other securities according to specific investment objectives that have been established for the fund. In return for putting money into the fund, one can receive either building blocks or shares that represents proportionate share of the pool of fund assets. In return for administering the fund and managing its investment portfolio, the fund manager charges tilts based on the honor of the funds assets.In simple words, a mutual fund is a pool of money that is managed on behalf of investors by a professional money manager. It allow ins a group of well qualified people who can guide and invest the money of the unit carryers appropriately. When one invests in a mutual fund, he / she is buying shares (or portions) of the mutual fund and constrains a shareholder of the fund.Since mutual fund is a pool of money, different investors invest in it at a time and the total amount collected by all the investors by the mutual fund manager is because invested in different avenues. Be it a money market, stock market, financial institutions, government securities, banks or / and other avenues. The fund manager may invest in more one than avenue at a time which depends on the category defined. Before investing the gathered amount by the investors, the mutual fund manager has to consider and orchestrate all the important facts and figures that could create more and more profit for the investors who have invested in the mutual fund. After the fund manager has invested, he/ she gets returns which are then distributed to the investors according to their shares in the mutual fund. It is therefore essential to look out for the best mutual fund to obtain maximum returns.The flow chart below describes broadly the working of a mutual fundMutual fund provides numerous advantages to its users. One of a great benefit of mutual funds compared to stocks is their study characteristic of diversification. This mea ns that mutual funds invest in many different stocks and in this way balance the risk you may encounter. Additionally, the fund managers may decide to invest in companies from different sizes and industries. This is done in order to balance the downturns in a circumstance investment with the upturn in another.The basic responsibility of the management of any firm and the play along is to maximize the business and the wealth of the shareholders as well as the sustainability of the owners of the company. The management of the mutual funds is charging the management lean for this purpose. The growth of the mutual funds which we have examined here is based on the determinants which are affecting the growth of the mutual funds and is dependent on the negative and the positive impacts of these determinants. We worked through two models for investigation of this relationship of growth. The two models are lied of fixed effect model and the cross section model. Most of the results are w orn by these models provided same results except for some factors.Mutual funds are one of the best investments ever created because they are very cost efficient and very easy to invest in (one doesnt have to figure out which stocks or bonds to buy).2.3 Why mutual Funds?Mutual funds are used as a gauge to operate delivery effectively and efficiently, they help central banks in implementing their mo exculpateary policies, organizations to go through financing attained through mutual funds and banks to mobilize the investment or the cash. Mutual funds have become essential for the growth of an economy as it is a source of money mobilization in the country. Mutual funds mobilizes money in a country in such a manner that it deals with almost every available investment options. Mutual funds help in regulating money through investments in stock market i-e via purchasing shares they are rolling the money to the companies. By investing in debts (long term financing), Term Finance Certificat es / Sukuk they are mobilizing cash and enhancing the company. Moreover a growing company can raise its countrys economy with the help of mutual funds. Along with the investments in money markets, mutual funds invest in banks and government bonds also.Another rationale to invest in mutual funds is that its conservative nature offers a hedge against loss and allows the investor to climb into other vehicles that may be more risky. That way a retired investor can try to make some money in mutual funds without putting at risk their future. Also by being part of a mutual fund portfolio, the senior citizens have a chance to view how the heterogeneous stocks that make up the mutual funds are performing and can study to invest in mutual funds that starts out performing the others to produce profits.For the senior citizens and retired investors, mutual funds can offer a hedge against inflation and it can direct the retired investors to the best stock picks and most importantly, it can prot ect the retired investors from losing their savings.Chapter 3 mutual funds3.1 What is Mutual Funds?3.2 Types of Mutual Funds3.3 Categories of Mutual Funds3.4 How Mutual Fund Works3.5 Partners in a Mutual Fund3. MUTUAL FUNDS3.1 What is Mutual Fund?A mutual fund is basically a incarnate investment that pools money from many investors to buy bonds, stocks, short-term money market instruments or other securities and is managed professionally. Mutual funds help as a connecting bridge of a financial intermediary that allows a group of investors to pool their money together with a predetermined investment objective. The mutual funds have a fund manager who is responsible for investing the gathered money into specific securities (stocks or bonds). When an individual invests in a mutual fund, he or she is likely to buying units or portions of the mutual fund and thus on investing becomes a shareholder or unit holder of the fund.Mutual funds are considered as one of the best available inves tments as compared to other investments. They are very cost efficient and convenient individuals can easily invest in. Thus by pooling money together in a mutual fund, investors can purchase stocks or bonds with much lower affair costs than if they tried to do it on their own. But the biggest advantage to mutual funds is diversification, by minimizing risk maximizing returns.A Mutual Fund is a trust that pools the savings of a list of investors who share a common financial goal. The money thus collected is then invested in capital market instruments such as shares, debentures and other securities. The income earned through these investments and the capital appreciations realized are shared by its unit holders in proportion to the number of units own by them. Thus a Mutual Fund is the most suitable investment for the common man as it offers an opportunity to invest in a diversified, professionally managed basket of securities at a relatively low cost.By pooling money together in a mutual fund, investors can purchase stocks or bonds with much lower trading costs than if they tried to do it on their own. But the biggest advantage to mutual funds is diversification. Mutual funds have a colossal amount of funds so it is easy for the investors to invest in different stocks or bonds.3.2 Types of Mutual Funds Open stop Closed EndedOpen-end Mutual FundOpen ended mutual funds possess following characteristics Open ended fund is a fund which issues or redeems its shares at net asset tax (NAV). It does not have a fixed fund size. Investors can get back their investment at any time by selling the units back to the fund. These are no fixed number of units.Open end funds are type of mutual fund that does not have restrictions on the amount of shares the fund will issue. If demand is high enough, the fund will continue to issue shares no matter how many investors there are. Open-end funds also buy back shares when investors wish to sell.It should be noted that when a fu nds manager(s) determine that a funds total assets have become too large to effectively execute its stated objective, the fund will be closed to spick-and-span investors and in extreme fictional characters, be closed to new investment by existing fund investors.In simple terms, open end funds mean that the fund does not have a set number of shares. Instead, the fund will issue new shares to an investor based upon the current net asset value and redeem the shares when the investor decides to sell. Open-end funds always reflect the net asset value of the funds underlying investments because shares are created and destroyed as necessary.Close-end Mutual FundFollowing are the characteristics of close ended mutual funds Close end fund is a fund whose shares are traded at prices other than the NAV It has a fixed fund size. Investors can sell their shares to any vendee through an exchange where the share is listed other then the issuing company. These are fixed number of units / shares. A closed-end fund is a publicly traded investment company that raises a fixed amount of capital through an initial public offering (IPO). The fund is then structured, listed and traded like a stock on a stock exchange.Unlike regular stocks, closed-end fund stock represents an interest in a specialized portfolio of securities that is actively managed by an investment advisor and which typically concentrates on a specific industry, geographic market, or sector. The stock prices of a closed-end fund fluctuate according to market forces (supply and demand) as well as the changing determine of the securities in the funds holdings.3.3 Categories of Mutual FundsFollowing are the broad categories of funds that are further sub categorized and tailored according to the requirements of the investors Stock Fund / Equity Fund / Capital market place Fund Hybrid Funds / Multi Asset Fund / Balanced Fund Fixed Income Fund / gold Market Fund Moslem FundA. Stock FundsInvestment ObjectiveThe primar y objective of this fund is to invest in stocks through different stock exchanges while controlling risk. The aim of the fund is to provide individuals and institutional investors with a well diversified portfolio of equity stocks covering all major sectors. The objective is to maximize income and capital gains by prudently employing its investment management expertise.Investment PolicyThe fund follows a growth strategy by investing in large cap companies. This entails looking for companies with a track tape of growing sales and earnings and the potential for more of the same.In drawing the investment contrive Research plays a vital role, as it identifies the stocks which have potential for capital gains, development of particular industry and its impact on the particular stock, timings of investments and divestments depending upon industry social movement and expected results.Asset storage allocationThe portfolio generally has the following asset allocation but it can change fr om time to time or as the investment strategy molds it.B. Hybrid FundInvestment ObjectiveThe main objective of this fund is to participate in a diversified portfolio of securities representing investments in capital and money markets. The main investment objective is to maximize capital appreciation and income.Investment PolicyConsistent with the investment objective the fund primarily invests in large capital equity securities, along with debt securities and other money market instruments such as Government Bonds, TFCs, Islamic Bonds, Reverse-Repo etc.Asset AllocationThe portfolio generally has the following asset allocation but it can change from time to time or as the investment strategy molds it.C. Fixed Income FundsInvestment ObjectiveThese funds seek to provide its unit holders with attractive income from a well diversified portfolio of low risk assets while maintaining liquidity.Investment PolicyIn livestock with the investment objective the fund invests in a diversified por tfolio of Government Securities, Investment Grade Term Finance Certificates, Rated Corporate Debt, Certificates of Investment and other long and short term money market instruments.Asset AllocationThe weightages of the investment mix of the portfolio are managed in a manner that reduces the risk of loss in market value of the investments as the result of any major upward movement in lending rates. During periods where the Management Company is of the view that there is economical uncertainty, the weightages of the portfolio are increased in the short-term debt securities, debt securities with short remaining life, money market instruments and short maturity repurchase arrangements including spread proceedings. The funds typically comprise of 60 % fixed income instruments.D. Islamic FundInvestment ObjectiveThese fund aims at achieving high level rate of capital gains and current income in line with Shariah principals along with providing liquidity to the investors.Investment Policy These funds primarily invest in Shariah compliant investment instruments whereby 60% investments are do in listed securities. Specifically Shares, TFCs, Participation term certificates, Musharika, Murabaha, and other asset backed securities. The funds also keep cash in riba free deposit schemes with Islamic banks and other financial institution with the objective to maintain sufficient liquidity.Equity investment broadly meets the following criteria and any additional requirements as advised by the Shariah advisors (These criteria change subject to change in investment policies and shariah advisors) The basic business of the investee company should be halal. The total debt of the investee company should not hand 45% of its total assets.Long term assets of the investee company as a percentage of current assets may not exceed 10%Mutual funds with different investment objectives provide a variety of investment risk and return opportunities to the investors. Therefore, it is important for fund investors to thoroughly understand and identify the investing style employed by the funds that they choose to use to build their portfolios. Mutual funds can also be categorized as the followingThe tether included categories in the mutual funds are lower risk and return, moderate risk and return and high risk and return. Further sub categories include money market funds, income funds, balanced funds,equity funds and aggressive allocation stock funds.3.4 How Mutual Fund WorksThe below mentioned diagram is clearly shown the process that how a mutual fund works.A. Net Asset ValueThe Net Asset Value is a term used to describe the value of an entitys assets less the value of its liabilities. The term is commonly used in relation to collective investment schemes. It may also be used as a synonym for the intelligence value of a firm.For mutual funds, net asset value is the total value of the funds portfolio less liabilities. The NAV is usually calculated on a day-by-day basis. B. Sale RedemptionSaleWith reference to mutual fund industry sale is said to be executed when a unit or number of units are sold to an investor by a mutual fund on a specific price.Sale PriceIt is the price at which an open-end mutual fund sells its shares or units to the investor. In most cases, the sale price is the net asset value per share but they might have a sales lade incorporated which is explained in the next two paragraphs.RedemptionWith reference to mutual fund industry redemption is said to be executed when a unit or number of units bought back from an investor on their instructions and the investor is paid back his money at the rates of the prevailing unit price by a mutual fund.Redemption PriceIt is the price at which an open-end mutual fund buys backs its shares or units from the owners. In most cases, the redemption price is the net asset value per share but they might have a back end load incorporated which is explained in the next two paragraphs.Management FeesT he management tip off for the fund is usually the informatory fee charged for the management of a funds investments. However, as many fund companies include administrative fees in the advisory fee component, when attempting to compare the total management expenses of different funds, it is helpful to define management fee as equal to the contractual advisory fee + the contractual administrator fee. This helps when comparing management fee components across multiple funds.Contractual advisory fees may be structured as flat-rate fees, i.e., a single fee charged to the fund, regardless of the asset size of the fund. However, many funds have contractual fees which include breakpoints, so that as the value of a funds assets increases, the advisory fee paid decreases.3.5 Partners in a Mutual FundInvestment Management / Asset ManagementInvestment management is the professional management of various securities (shares, bonds etc) assets (e.g. real estate), to meet specified investment g oals for the benefit of the investors. Investors may be institutions (insurance companies, pension funds, corporations etc.) or private investors (both directly via investment contracts and more commonly via collective investment schemes e.g. mutual funds).The term asset management is often used to refer to the investment management of collective investments. Investment managers who specialize in advisory or discretionary management on behalf of (normally wealthy) private investors may often refer to their services as wealth management or portfolio management.Investment management services include financial analysis, asset selection, stock selection, plan implementation and ongoing monitoring of investments. Coming under the remit of financial services many of the worlds largest companies are at least in part investment managers and employ millions of staff and create billions in revenue.InvestorsAn investor is any party that makes an investment. The term has taken on a specific mea ning in finance to describe the particular types of people and companies that regularly purchase equity or debt securities for financial gain in exchange for funding an expanding company. The term is also applied to parties who purchase real estate, currency, commodity derivatives, personal property, or other assets.The term implies that a party purchases and holds assets in hope of achieving capital gain, not as a profession or for short-term income.TrusteeTrustee is a legal firm or group of people who hold the property or investments on behalf of the mutual fund. A trust can be set up either to benefit particular persons, or for any charitable purposes. In all cases, the trustee may be a person or company, whether or not they are a prospective beneficiaryRegistrarA registrar is an official keeper of records. In case of a mutual fund they are the ones who keep the record of the Sale and Redemption of units, total units issued or outstanding with the information regarding the Unit H older, dividend distribution etc.DistributorIt is a firm or an individual who is pass by the Asset Management Company to sell units on behalf of the fund.Custodian / DepositoryIt refers to an institution which safeguards and manages flow of the financial assets of a Mutual Fund. In finance, a custodian bank, or simply custodian, refers to a financial institution responsible for safeguarding a firms or individuals financial assets. The role of a custodian is as follows to hold in safekeeping assets such as equities and bonds, arrange settlement of any purchases and sales of such securities, collect information on and income from such assets (dividends in the case of equities and interest in the case of bonds), provide information on the underlying companies and their annual general meetings, manage cash transactions, perform foreign exchange transactions where required and provide regular reporting on all their activities to their clients.Custodian banks are often referred to as glo bal custodians if they hold assets for their clients in multiple jurisdictions most the world, using their own local branches or other local custodian banks in each market to hold accounts for their underlying clients. Assets held in such a manner are typically owned by pension funds.Chapter 4 Research Findings4.1 Choice of Investment in Mutual Fund4.2 Comparison of Pakistan with Asia.4.3 Delimma of Investing in Mutual Funds4.1 Choices for Investing in Mutual FundsFor the following four categories Stock Fund / Equity Fund / Capital Market Fund Hybrid Funds / Multi Asset Fund / Balanced Fund Fixed Income Fund / Money Market Fund Islamic FundListed are the available choices for Investing in Mutual Funds as of March 31st 2011.AKD Investment Management LtdAKD Income FundAKD Index Tracker FundAKD Opportunity FundAKDAlfalah GHP Inv. Management. Ltd.Alfalah GHP Income Multiplier FundAlfalah GHP Value FundAlfalah GHP Islamic FundAlfalah GHP Stock FundAlfalah GHP Capital saved FundAlfalah G HP Cash FundAlfalah GHP Capital Protected Fund IIAl Falah GHPAMZ Asset ManagementAMZ Plus Income FundAMZ Plus Stock FundAMZAskari Investment Management Ltd.Askari Income FundAskari Asset Allocation FundAskari Islamic Income FundAskari Islamic Asset Allocation FundAskari Soverign Cash FundAskari telamon Asset Management Ltd.Atlas Income FundAtlas Islamic Income FundAtlas Islamic FundAtlas Stock Market FundAtlas Money Market FundAtlasCrosby Asset ManagementCrosby Dragon FundCrosby Pheonix FundCrosbyDawood Capital ManagementDawood Money Market FundDawood Islamic FundDawoodFaysal Asset ManagementFaysal Balanced suppuration FundFaysal Income egression FundFaysal Asset Allocation FundFaysal Savings Growth FundFaysal Money Market FundFaysal Islamic Savings Growth FundFaysalHabib Asset ManagementFirst Habib Income FundFirst Habib Cash FundFirst Habib Stock FundHabibHBL Asset ManagementHBL Income FundHBL Multi Asset Fund

Effect of Morning Shows in Pakistan

Effect of good break of the day Shows in PakistanImpact of Morning Shows on housewifeAbstractThe enquiry is aiming to find the violation of Morning Shows on housewife. The tec has set in motion association between viewership and influence of Morning carrys on Housewife.The queryer choose this topic as Morning shows be getting popular in our society and considering the importance of Morning shows and females attachment with the characters of different celebrities.The look intoer use survey regularity to measure the influence and opposition of Morning shows on housewives. As survey technique is an effective way to find tabu stacks behavior. there has been noniced a obtuse viewership of Morning Shows and a greater influence over housewifes. Excessive influence of Morning Shows on Housewife of middle is too seen. Influence in culture, language, relationship and spectral practices is seen. Housewifes consider these Morning Shows and are getting influenced by the artist ac cording to their mental understanding.Housewives are the ones who bring up the society and play a design in nation building. There is an excessive viewership of Morning Shows and greater change on Housewifes in Pakistani SocietyIntroductionTelevision shows is a major element of media. Media has been considered to be a change agent of favorableization. Media reflects the society and Society has to depend on media for the fulfillment of its various needs. As major collective sources of information and images, the media perform m most(prenominal) functions and server numerous personal needs. Media provide a link to the large society. Mass media and society relation refers to the knowledge we only have from our own long experine4nces with media which enables us to understand what is going on, how a medium might jib into our daily blends, how its content is intended to be study genres and examples of contents and much more than.Tim O Sulligvan, Brian Dutton and Philip Rayner writ e says Media collectively act to provide their earreach with windows on the world or with definitions of social reality. Implicit in this kind of claim is the idea that the media act as a powerful agencies capable of shaping and directing public and private understandings of the world and awareness of its social, economics, moral, cultural, technological and political affairs. (1)RationalNowadays Morning Shows are playing a springy role in the society, Theses shows are encouraging women to stick before TV sets ignoring the educative role. Morning Show are playing a prominent role in capitalizing and the ignorance of family values and genuine rights and responsibilities of sight on individual and collective level as a family. Everywhere in these shows there are family politics, issues, and exploitation stories, often daughter in law is targeted either positively or negatively. Youngsters see people in shows that are beautiful, fancy luxuries life style live in magnificent homes, wear best clothes and live every imaginable life styles in full autonomy and frequency without condemnation for any(prenominal) behaviors. They perceive them in different terms according to their mental level and extract different meanings from those shows.Rational for Selecting HousewifesThe searcher is targeting Lahore City Housewifes because almost are educated, cohort and have greater viewer ship of Morning shows. On the other hand Husbands are supposed to watch TV at home on weekend or holidays in an irregular manner.Statement of the ProblemThis study is an attempt to find out the stir of Morning shows on Lahori housewifes and the influence they are getting in their daily lives and mutual relationships.Research ObjectivesTo find out the effect of Morning Shows on Lahori Housewifes.To analyze the influence of Morning Show on the life style of Lahori Housewifes.To investigate whether the Morning shows are affecting the relationships of Lahoris Housewifes.To study that affect of religious practices shown in the Morning Shows over Islamic religious practicesTo find out whether the Morning Show are affecting or ever-changing the lahories housewifes cultural practices or not.Morning Shows are portraying useful message to housewifes or not.Research incertitudeResearch question are considered very eventful in any scientific study, No research can be conducted unless the research question is elect and accurately and clearly defined- it deserves just about serious consideration. A research question is a formally stated question intended to provide indication some something, and it is not limited to investigating relationship between variables. (wimmer, 1994). This research has been conducted under the light of theses research questionsAre Housewifes following the same mold such a makeup and jewelry shows in Morning shows?Is Morning shows affecting the language of Housewifes?Is it justified to have extra-marital relationship in an unhappy married life?Are family affairs in Morning shows affecting the relationship between family members?Are religious practices shown in their Morning shows our religious practices?SignificanceThe significance of selecting this topic is that females have to play a role of a mother and houses wife. They watch these shows and perceiving them according to their mental levels and then also derive different meanings from those shows. Morning shows are densely watched and the reason of studying this topic is that it has a heave viewership as compared with other shows. Females of Lahore stand at the age of having towering thinking or fantasy active the futures.Our family setup is completely different from those shows in the Morning shows. Female watched these Morning shows regularly. They have unconsciously started applying those roles in their homes. Females of Lahore by these show and expect that they will also spend that kind of lifestyle.History of Morning showsBreakfast idiot box (Australia, Ireland, Ne w Zealand and United Kingdom) or dawning show (Canada, Indonesia and United States), is a type of infotainment television program, broadcast live in the morning (typically scheduled between 600 and 1000 a.m.). Often hosted by a small team of hosts, morning shows typically target the combined demographic of people getting ready for work and school, and stay-at-home adults and parents.The worlds first breakfast / morning show on national television is Today, which set the tone for the television genre and began broadcasting on January 14, 1952, on the U.S. television network NBC. For the future(a) 60 years, the Today show was number one in the morning ratings for the vast majority of its run and since its start many other stations roughly the world followed NBCs lead and copied their successful format.Moring Shows History in PakistanGolden times were those when we have only one channel PTV. People waited desperately for their favorite shows that were broadcasted once in a week. At that time one thing that we had was Standard. Standard content was displayed on TV and yes you can enjoy it with your family, with the course of time PTV introduced its morning transmission that was Pakistans first morning show. So, today we will discuss the Morning Shows in Pakistan. Morning shows in Pakistan are aggravating their standards day by day. The basic purpose of this show was information with entertainment and grooming of both kids and their mothers. These shows were intellectual ones and hosted by Mentally Groomed anchors those people knew the ethics and etiquette. Most authoritative thing is that they knew that they are broadcasting their selves on a national television.Literature ReviewLiterature Review is considered as one of the most important ill-use in any research process as it helps to extract the main points, issues, findings and research manners of previous studies. Literature review serves as a springboard for any research. It is a agreementatic research and analysis of published information that accredited scholars and research have written on a topic. It is organized according to the research objective, thesis or the problem/issue that a researcher wishes to address.The purposed of literature review is to know what type of research has been done in the area and what has been found in previous studies.According to Wimmer and Dominick (1994), it not only allows to lease from (and eventually add to) pervious research but also saves time, effort and money. The review of pertinent literature in a study accomplishes several purposesIt helps the researchers to have a better understanding of his/her own study by identifying what knowledge and ideas have been accomplished on the topic.It grants you the knowledge in your area of focus and reduces the chances of the duplication of ideas.It helps to indicate the path of your research scope to maximize the reward of your research efforts.It helps to indicate the direction of your research scope to maximize the reward of your research efforts.It shares with the readers, the result of other studies that are closely related to the study being reported and provides a theoretical account for comparing the results of a study with other findings.It also provides an opportunity to the researcher to rephrase the problem into analytical and operational term clearly, sharply and free from ambiguities.The researcher has reviewed the studies related to Television for this chapter.In order to capture the audience our morning shows have evolved into something more like a drama or a racy show. Popular TV drama actress come, are hosting a morning show The hosts are jumping around and the stage is full of celebrities and at times we do not hear what any of them is saying except that Research have found someone sitting and talking. One show had a girl in a box with lots of snakes being injected in the box and the girl dared to sing and she kept of singing not my idea of a good morni ngResearcher read article online Mustansar Hussain Tarar and Qurat ul ain Haider days on PTV when spoken language had meanings and wisdom, when conversation used to take place between people with etiquettes, when we used to learn from the anchors and when morning show reflected our culture and values and we used to respect themThe morning shows era which followed the PTV days with Marina Khan, Nadia Khan and Farah Hussain was still better. They talked about health, children issues, mental health, cooking, exercise and a lot more but still informative. Now it attends like these shows are from some other country, hosts ( girls) do not wear dopattas (they NEVER do) and men savor like they also come out of a beauty parlour. Even when they are talking about various social issues we do not seem to relate with them.Researcher does not mean to say that we should have stayed in 80s and 90s but we could have matured and ply our morning show into something more engaging without qualificat ion it so commercial like a fake product with hosts wrapped in expensive clothes, strong with makeup in this heat, wedding parties and mango parties when a middle class family cannot afford any of the above. Watching morning shows for a week was a disappointment.Saleem, Noshina in 1994 conducted a research on cultural Imperialism. A case study of the impact of Dish Antennas on Pakistani society used survey method concluded that majority watch Dish antenna viewers, because of cultural and linguistic harmony with Indian. Almost all the respondents are of the view that Hindi and English words have started penetrating in their spoken languages. Majority of the women are of the opinion that the dresses, hairstyles, jewelry and the styles of Indian and western models and actresses are attracting their attention. Therefore, new trends and fashion are making way in our society.Butt, Naveeda in 19997 conduct a study on the Impact of PTV pop music programs and drams on the student of Punjab University applied survey method and shows that Pop Music in popular among student of Punjab University due to fashion, dances, songs and pop singers. Male and female are influenced from romantic seenes which are being shown.Yousaf, Ayesha in 1998 carried out a research on A Comparative Study of the difference between reading and T.V viewing of Punjab University Students. She used questionnaire in her research and found that consciously or unconsciously people do absurd language from both type of media. T.V does involve a persons own choice to a large degree and they read books of their own choice. As far as in depth analysis is concerned, results show that both media can prove to be useful depending upon the viewer and nature of issue. As far as the criticism that books hinder a persons socializing ability is concerned, results do not support it. It cannot be categorically said that books always make a person reserved. Other factors also need to be considered. The use of this mediu m is not the one and the only factor involved.Lala Rukh, Nas in 1999 carried out a research on Analytical study of PTV drama serial carrying social issue (1995-1998). She used content analysis in her research and found that this is not the contribution of PTV but drama writers have played an important role to reflect the social issues of Pakistani society through their creation drama script.Aftab Butt, Saher in 2000 conducted a research on An analytical study of the role of PTV dramas in educating the masses about women problems (July 2001-June 2002). She did qualitative analysis of dramas of Pakistan Television, in which she has critically analyzed dramas of Khawateen Time and Prime Time from July 2001 to June 2002 and shows that TV dramas are highlighting the women problems but they are not educating the people nor creating awareness among them the way a drama should do. Viewers more readily see Prime Time transmission of PTV as the time is suitable to all the people. However, it has been observed by the researcher that the topics of PTV dramas lacks diversity and the same subjects appear in every drama. The cable network channels have also diverted the peoples attention away from Pakistan Television PTV. Viewers habits and perceptions have changed over the period of time due to their exposure to other channels.Arif, Muhammad 2002 carried out a research on Analysis of behavior of college students towards Mass Media used a survey method and indicator that the students like to watch TV drams, movies and comedy programs. They also like to watch Indian programs as well as Pakistani programs.Shahid, Muhammad, in 2001 conducted a research on The role of private productions in changing the contents of T.V dramas concluded that the role of private productions in drams has played positive and negative aspects and changes. As far as positive role is concerned it is less. There is no doubt that private productions have played a vital role but only those people are succ essful who has money. It is not coercive that people who have talent and positive thinking are successful. Private productions have less positive role than negative role.Bukari, Bushra in 2002 conducted a research on The Effect of Television programs on youth shows that youth of the Punjab University has modern views about different issues such as co-education, women liberation and parental authority etcetera It is difficult to say whether these modern views are due to television programs or due to some other factor.Tamkeen, Zahra in 2004 conducted a research on Nuclearization of family system and role of TV dramas used survey method and concluded that a majority of the people watch television on daily bases in their leisure time. They have an extent to the exposure of Television. The results conclude that majority of the audience watch PTV, Geo and Star plus as their favorite channels and people are more interested watching television drama on these channels. Dramas have greater exposure in this society and majority of the viewers have large media habits of exploring television dramas.N. Ahmed Kiran and T. Haroon Uzma wrote an article on Proliferation of TV channels in Pakistan concluded that the proliferation of private television channels has had a positive impact in three important dimensions. It has led to the creation of a niche for alternative dramas and has broken the rigidity of religious shows it has played a major role in opening up of the political debate in Pakistans electronic media and it has benefited both the electronic media and advertising industry through revenue generation. There are disparate views on the future impact of television proliferation in the country. At the moment, PTV authorities are not too concerned about competition from the cable television. This optimism is not misplaced. charm cable is available in limited regions, PTV is terrestrial with its own transmitters covering a wide area. PTV still has its stronghold and cov ers a wide-ranging area. For instant, PTV-1, which is also claimed to be the family channel, covers 38% of the area catering to 86% of the population. PTV world, that transmits news and current affairs programs, cover 29% of the areas and catering to 75% of the population. Its news channel service covers some 8% of the areas with 40% of the population. From June 2003, PTV has introduced another channel, PTV National that transmits regional programs. Prime TV telecasts PTV drams and documentaries for the peoples, especially Pakistanis living in Europe. Channel-3 aims to provide homely atmosphere to all family viewers. PTV World beams its programs to viewers in South Asia and the Middle East.Theoretical FrameworkIt is crucial for every social research to be supported by some theory. Theoretical framework can be roughly defined as a select setup within which any research operates. A master(a) aim of science is to discover explanations for observed phenomena. To explain communication, the researcher must move from description to a theoretical analysis, seeking to develop theories that offer comforting answers to the question why? Thus, a researchs aim in the discovery phase is to generate theoretical explanations for observed patterns of human communication (Smit 1998).The research will relate the Use and Gratification, Cultivation Theory and Self Perception Theory with her study.Research MethodologyPopulationSample and Sampling TechniquesResearch designSurvey MethodResearch InstrumentClosed-Ended QuestionPre-TestingData CollectionQuantification of dataData PreparationsData ProcessingDelimitationsReferencesTim O Sulligvan, Brian Dutton and Philip Rayner Study the Media, London, Amold. 1998, p.19Roger D. Wimmer, Josheph, R. Dominick (1994) Mass Media Research An Introduction (4th Ed) Belmont, California Wordsworth.www.pemara.gov.pk/ (citied 27th March 2014)www.desironak.com (citied at

Postmodern Characteristics Works Of Young British Artists Cultural Studies Essay

Postmodern Characteristics Works Of Young British Artists Cultural Studies EssayGot their fame in the previous(predicate) 1990s, the Young British Artists (YBAs) is known as a group of highly publicized British avant-garde subterfugeists active from the late 1980s (Chilvers, 1999). In this look into essay, the works of two leading deviceistic productionists of the YBAs, Marcus Harvey and Damien Hirst, will be menti stard and analyzed in spite of appearance the background of postmodern theories. The evident postmodern characteristics being discussed in the intravenous feeding art pieces is pluralism.Marcus Harvey (1963-now) is an English artist and painter and a leading member of YBAs his pieces cited and analyzed in this essay argon Myra (Fig. 1) and Toilet Roll (Fig. 2). Both of the two paintings are the representation of an object with blurred lines and pieces, seemingly as if the macro images are sedate by tiny units and sections. The composition of the paintings and the fuzzy impressions has largely corresponded to the meaning of pluralism in postmodern theories.Damien Hirst (1965-now) is a close friend of Marcus Harvey, he is the most prominent member of YBAs and most of his works focus on the theme of Death (National Galleries of Scotland n.d.). In this essay, two of his works being analyzed are the painting LSD (Fig. 3) and the sculpture For the bop of God (Fig.4). In these two art pieces, LSD is constructed utilize a storage-battery grid of dots of different colors while For the Love of God is consisted of human skull, platinum, and diamond. These pieces illustrate how single elements can produce new meanings when being composed together or re-arranged, similar as Harveys works, these art pieces are in any case a reflection of pluralism in postmodern viewpoint.In postmodernism, the word pluralism is generally utilize to describe the multiplicity of meaning and the status of a mixture and dis ready (Bohman 1999) of culture, identities, ide ologies, worldviews, religions etc. in postmodern era, it embraces the idea of fragmentation or incoherence in modern world.BodyPluralism is literally defined as the quality or state of being plural (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2010), which is in contrary of dualism. As we learned from the course, pluralism within postmodern practice is not only apparent within its political content but also in the strategies, processes and the styles within the works themselves. Looking thorn to all the theories and argumentations on postmodernism, it is soft observed that the common ground among all the discourses is to admit the chaos, disorder, fragmentation, and even meaningless of any subject from my perspective, the balance of disorder and order is a representation of what we called pluralism.Doubtlessly, pluralism has become a dominant tendency in every aspect of modern life in the backdrop of globalization and commercialization tide. According to Milbrandt (2003), the characterist ics of postmodern world have directly triggered the emergence of popular culture and postmodern art forms such as visual art, on the new(prenominal) hand, conceptual barriers between so-called high and low culture have broken down due to the evolution of In data formation Communication Technologies (ICTs). In one word, to study todays artistic creations in turns of different postmodern characteristics, such as pluralism, will provide us a comprehensive understanding of postmodernism theories as intumesce as postmodern lives/practices.Speaking of the arena of art, more specifically, the YBAs, those conceptual artists, painters, sculptors and installation artists are noted for their flooring and creative tactics in making art and as reported by The withstander (14 June 2000), they dominated the art scene in Britain during the 1990s. By analyzing the four works I cited in this essay, I take prisoner the viewpoint that as typical Young British Artists works, those art pieces from M arcus Harvey and Damien Hirst have notably demonstrated and reflected the qualities of pluralism.Myra (Fig. 1) is one of the most famous and disputed works by Marcus Harvey, it is the portrait of a child killer Myra Hindley recreated from multiple copies of childrens handprints. In this artistic creation, numerous childrens handprints seem to cover and claw at Hindleys face and shape a alone(p) situation on the one hand, the image of her face is composed by those handprints while on the other hand, those tiny palms also obliterate her features. It is commended by The Guardian Weekend (Burn, 1997) that this prowess brings the chill of horror we feel but can rarely express and suggests the coolness that is, the affectless-ness the loss of sensation the stray the cold stoniness in the work itself. Connecting it with postmodern theories, one can easily catch the smell of pluralism in Myra. As Hughes (2004) and Knoper (2008) summarized (though the idea is originated from Lyotard), p ostmodern art represents the death of so-called meta-narratives kept up(p) in modern society and adopts pluralism to replace dualism, thus create a sense of chaos and disorder in meanings. Such is what we read from the controversial artwork Myra, in which the tiny units are both creating and destroying the whole iconic image, based on this, varied and more in-depth meanings are conveyed.Toilet Roll (Fig. 2) is another artwork by Marcus Harvey and from which we can also find evidence of pluralism. Ang (2006) points out that, the status of pluralism and the imitation of an existed style lead to things like pastiche (an empty copy), which is an idea that suggests small-minded of the implied depth. Toilet Roll the painting is a reflection of such death of depth I personally dont think the image in this artwork conveys frequently aesthetic delight, nor it is as meaningful and thought provoking as Myra. However, when we look at the fuzzy images and small blocks in the picture, a sense of meaningless and astonishment is generated in readers mind. In other words, from my perspective, no/little value or meaning is the meaning of this work.LSD (Fig. 3) by Damien Hirst might be the one among the four artworks that represents pluralism most apparently and directly a grid of dots of different colors, a simple mixture of plural elements. Similar to many postmodern paintings, one cannot easily grasp what the artist wants to express in this painting. Villeneuve Erickson (2008) point out that contemporary art cannot be judged simply by whether they are representational or attractive, and contemporary artists tend to use unconventional materials and touch difficult topics (such as sexuality, patriotism, and religion), which all present obstacles in understanding. So as to LSD, readers can have numerous interpretations to the grid of dots from varied perspectives. Those perceptions express the complex and different cultural backgrounds and social identities of the apprecia tors as well create the multi-dimensionality in interpretation (Song, 2009), which reveals a broader pluralism beyond the painting format itself. Besides, the interdisciplinary mediations and analysis (Traf-Prats, 2009) of contemporary art also reflects the spirit of pluralism (i.e. the interpretation of LSD may touch upon the field of music, political science, cultural studies, religious studies, etc.).For the Love of God (Fig.4) is a sculpture by Damien Hirst produced in 2007, it consists of human skull, platinum cast, and 8,601 diamonds (Hirst unveils 50m diamond skull, 2007). Besides the value of the material itself, the artistic value of this sculpture is also precious. George Steiner (2001) claimed in his book Grammars of Creation, the age such as ours is an age of ugliness the violence, oppression, economic enslavement and social irrationality. And this artwork For the Love of God shows a accept for beauty in this age of ugliness and death and is a restoration of respect fo r God (Moore, 2004). The materials used in this sculpture are shock, contrasting and creative, and when Hirst constitutes the skull, the platinum, and the diamonds together, they successfully create new meanings with sharp impacts such is an aspect of pluralism, that the single distinct elements can produce an organic whole.ConclusionIn conclusion, all these four art pieces analyzed in this essay is a good demonstration of pluralism in postmodern context. As artistic works created by British avant-garde artists in the post-1990s era, they successfully used some tactics and gimmicks to produce and convey what I would call a sense of nonsense and a sense of confusion and shock to the audience. It is not surprising that all the works can easily find a niche in postmodern interpretations, not only because they were produced in the context and with the idea of postmodern thoughts, but also because we are trying to read them from a postmodern perspective.Nonetheless, although it is hard to elaborate in details what aesthetic feelings or experiences they create to audience, because each individual has his/her own judgment on artistic (especially postmodern artistic) works and also because postmodern fine art is often anti-aesthetic, it is lock possible to reach a better understanding of them besides the sense of nonsense, confusion and shock. From my perspective, those works in general expressed the artists concern on the super C of modern technology, industrialization and commercialization, as well as the loss of meaning and depth in postmodern way of life, which are the eternal focuses of all forms of postmodern fine art.

Comparing Success in Horatio Algers Ragged Dick and the Life of Colin

Success in Horatio Algers Ragged Dick and the Life of Colin Powell What does victory mean to you? I think the idea of success is affected by the favorable system. In America and Hong Kong, which are capitalistic societies affected by the American Dream, success means money and fame. In other societies, success might consume different meanings. Some state said money and fame is the true meaning of success, but I think that the true meaning of success is to follow the worry of your own and being good at it, but not money and fame. Overemphasizing on these two factors can only lead to negative effectuate. Therefore I think the definition of success in capitalistic countries should not be focused on money and fame, because it restricts people from following their real dreams. The idea of success in the capitalistic countries is mainly about money and fame. capitalism, the social system of America, is based on the principle of individual rights, which is that everyone has the right s to do whatever they want without violating the law. Capitalism has an idea that the individual is sovereign. Therefore a mans thinking determines his choices and actions, and each man is the master of his own destiny. Every man in the capitalist society has the liberty of action, and those actions are necessary to support his own life. The capitalistic idea contributes to the formation of the idea of success because as each person has individual rights, everybody has the right and liberty to own their own wealth. Which is very different from socialism, in socialistic society, the people have to share their wealth with the government. As wealth can be own, people who have more wealth seem to be more successful, money becomes the main aspect of success... ... in the other hand, I think if people produce their goal for money and fame, the real dreams already changed. Overemphasizing on money and fame in success restricts people to follow their real dreams, and also give negative effects to the society. I believe that many people, like me, already changed their goals, and would regret for the rest of their life. Therefore, I do not think people should be fixed because of some(a) social ideas, but should fight against these wrong, fixed ideas. Works ConsultedAlger, Horatio. Ragged Dick. Rereading America. 5th ed. Eds. Cary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2001. 298-304Blue, Rose and Naden, Corinne J. From Colin Powell Straight to the Top. Rereading America. 5th ed. Eds. Cary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2001. 298-304

Gradient Function :: Papers

Gradient Function For this investigation, I have to find the relationship between a point of whatever non-linear graph and the gradient of the tangent, which is the gradient function. First of all, I have to define the word, Gradient. Gradient means the slope of a line or a tangent at any point on a curve. A tangent is basically a line, curve, or surface that touches another curve but does not cross or intersect it. To find a gradient, observe the graph below IMAGEIMAGE All you have to do to find the gradient is to divide the change in X with the change in Y. In this case, on the graph above, AB and you would have gotten the BC gradient for that particular point of the graph. I am going pose by finding the gradient function of y=x, y=2x, and then y=ax. I will move on finding the gradient function of y=x, y=2x, and finally y=ax. I will then find the similarities and generalise y=ax where a and n are constants, and then investigate the Gradient function for any curves of my choice. I will first find the gradient of tangents on the graph y=x by drawing the graph (page 3), and then find the gradient for a number of selected points on the graph Point X Change in Y Change in X Gradient a -3 6 -1 -6 b -2 4 -1 -4 c -1 2 -1 -2 d 1 2 1 2 e 2 4 1 4 f 3 6 1 6 As you can see, the gradient is always twice the value of its original X value Where y=x. So the gradient function has to be f (x)=2x for